Fig. 4.

HEV-1 altered secretome contributes to tissue damage. Histological analyses of apoptosis (TUNEL staining, a, b) and necrosis (H&E staining, c, d) and in explants sections prepared from tissues challenged for 5 days with either Mock, HEV-1, or HEV-3 UV-irradiated conditioned media (CM). a, b Representative large field of view of TUNEL stained sections prepared from the decidua a and placenta b. Staining indicates the apoptotic cells (red) and nuclei (blue). Scale bar, 100 µm. Bar graph illustrates the increase of tissue apoptosis in explants challenged for 5 days with either HEV-1 (red) or HEV-3 (cyan) UV-CM. Results are normalized to data obtained using UV-CM harvested from mock-infected explants (black) and represented as fold increase. c, d Representative large field of view of H&E stained sections prepared from the decidua c and placenta d. Arrowheads point to necrotic zones with nuclear changes illustrated by pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Stars indicate an injured syncytiotrophoblast layer. Scale bar, 100 µm. Bar graph illustrates the increase of tissue necrosis in explants challenged for 5 days with either HEV-1 (red) or HEV-3 (cyan) UV-CM. Results are normalized to data obtained using UV-CM harvested from mock-infected explants (black) and represented as fold increase. Data represent mean values ± S.E.M. of six independent donors. * denotes a statistical comparison between HEV-1 and HEV-3 infected tissues and # represents a statistical comparison between mock and HEV-1 or HEV-3 infected tissues. **/##P < 0.01; ***/###P < 0.001 by repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test