Table 1.
Overall HAV-seroprevalence: estimated (weighted) prevalence of HAV-specific antibodies in German children and adolescents (aged 3–17 years) by demographic characteristics and (weighted) results of univariable and multivariable analyses (n = 13,063).
| Characteristic (total no.) | (weighted) seroprevalence | (weighted) univariable analysis | (weighted) multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Anti-HAV tested (13,063) | 12.97 (11.76–14.29) | — | — | — | — |
| Age (yearly) | — | 1.12 (1.10–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.09–1.13) | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| male (6,708) | 12.46 (11.09–13.97) | ref. | — | — | — |
| female (6,355) | 13.52 (12.22–14.93) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 0.085 | — | — |
| Place of residence | |||||
| North-West (1,641) | 7.49 (5.96–9.02) | ref. | — | ref. | — |
| Central-West (3,123) | 10.32 (9.01–11.63) | 1.42 (1.09–1.85) | 0.009 | 1.36 (1.02–1.82) | 0.034 |
| South-West (3,912) | 14.22 (11.85–16.60) | 2.05 (1.53–2.75) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.50–2.86) | <0.001 |
| North-East (1,390) | 14.02 (10.99–17.06) | 2.01 (1.44–2.82) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.48–3.10) | <0.001 |
| Central-East (2,609) | 25.74 (20.73–30.75) | 4.28 (3.04–6.03) | <0.001 | 4.80 (3.33–6.93) | <0.001 |
| Berlin (388) | 14.31 (10.03–18.59) | 2.06 (1.36–3.12) | 0.001 | 1.81 (1.17–2.80) | 0.008 |
| Populationsize of municipality | |||||
| <5,000 (rural area) (2,875) | 14.42 (10.03–18.08) | ref. | — | — | — |
| 5,000–<20,0000 (small town) (3,470) | 13.36 (10.83–15.89) | 0.92 (0.60–1.39) | 0.677 | — | — |
| 20,000–<100,0000 (medium-sized town) (3,778) | 11.75 (9.95–13.55) | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) | 0.242 | — | — |
| >100,000 (large town) (2,940) | 12.94 (11.14–14.75) | 0.88 (0.60–1.30) | 0.528 | — | — |
| Socio-economic status | |||||
| low (3,415) | 12.43 (10.61–14.26) | ref. | — | ref. | — |
| medium (6,037) | 11.85 (10.43–13.27) | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.462 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.795 |
| high (3,292) | 14.25 (12.45–16.05) | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) | 0.087 | 1.44 (1.20–1.74) | <0.001 |
| unknown (319) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Migration status | |||||
| Non-migrant (10,203) | 11.81 (10.38–13.24) | ref. | — | ref. | — |
| One-sided (879) | 12.58 (9.85–15.31) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | 0.586 | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) | 0.043 |
| Two-sided (1,928) | 18.24 (16.07–20.41) | 1.67 (1.40–1.99) | <0.001 | 1.93 (1.57–2.36) | <0.001 |
| unknown (53) | — | — | — | — | — |
All study participants with an available HAV serology are included in the analysis (see Fig. 1).