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. 2018 Nov 6;8:386. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00386

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Copyright © 2018 Huo, Xiao, Zhang, Tang, Wang, Qi, Xiao, Tian and Hu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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H5N1 IAV could productively infect pancreatic cells while H1N1 and H7N2 showed limited replication. PAN02 and PANC-1 cells were infected with the three IAV subtypes at an equal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 for the periods specified. (A) Cells were homogenized in Trizol reagent and the viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) gene was quantified using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). (B) The culture media supernatant was used to determine viral titers by plaque assay. The results shown here were pooled from three independent replicates (ns, not significantly and ^***P < 0.001).