Table 4. Principal studies on antiplatelet treatment in surgical revascularization in in LEAD and carotid artery disease.

Study name	District involved	Type of study	Design and study population	Primary endpoint	Main results
Aspirin
McCollum (29)	LEAD	Randomized, double blind	549 patients, aspirin plus dipyridamole vs. placebo	Graft patency	61% vs. 60%; P=0.43
Cochrane systematic review (30)	LEAD	Meta-analysis of various antiplatelet regimen	954 patients, aspirin or aspirin plus dipyridamole vs. placebo	Graft patency	OR 0.42 (95% CI, 0.22–0.83); OR 0.19 (95% CI, 0.10–0.36) (prosthetic graft)
Taylor (31)	Carotid stenosis	Randomized, Double blind	2,849 patients, different aspirin doses 81 mg, 325 mg, 650 mg or 1,300 mg	CV death, MI, stroke in low dose vs. high dose	5.4 vs. 7.0%; P=0.07
Clopidogrel
Burdess (32)	LEAD	Randomized, Double blind	108 patients, DAPT (aspirin plus clopidogrel) vs. aspirin monotherapy	Positive cardiac troponin	RR 0.93 (95% CI, 0.39–2.17)
CASPAR (33)	LEAD	Randomized, Double blind	851 patients, DAPT (aspirin plus clopidogrel) vs. aspirin monotherapy	Graft occlusion, ipsilateral revascularization, above-ankle amputation, or death at 24 months	HR 0.98 (95% CI, 0.78–1.23); HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.45–0.95) (prosthetic graft)
Payne (34)	Carotid stenosis	Randomized, Double blind	100 patients, DAPT (aspirin plus clopidogrel) vs. aspirin monotherapy	Number of emboli detected by transcranial Doppler within 3 hours of CEA	OR 10.23 (95% CI, 1.3–83.3), P=0.01

LEAD, lower extremity artery disease; OR, odds ratio; CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; RR, relative risk; HR, hazard ratio; CEA, carotid endarterectomy.