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. 2018 Nov 6;9:1266. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01266

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Copyright © 2018 Han, Wang, Sun, Huang, Wang, Ma, Zhu, Xu, Jin and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effects of metformin on HUVEC cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to HG treatment. (A) CCK8 assay in HUVECs treated with NG, HG (33.3 mmol/l), HG plus 0.01 mmol/l metformin (HG + MET), and MET (0.01 mmol/l) conditions. (B) BrdU incorporation assay in HUVECs treated with NG, HG, HG + MET, and MET. (C) Annexin V/PI assay in HUVECs treated with NG, HG, HG + MET, and MET. The histograms represent the apoptosis rates in the four groups. (D) Representative photographs of TUNEL staining in the different groups. The results are expressed as the means ± SD. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01; NS, not significant; one-way ANOVA.