Table 4.
Model‐Predicted Change in Per Capita VA Health Care Utilization from 2013 to 2014 Associated with External Determinants
| A. All States | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| External Determinants | Change in Per Capita VA Health Care Utilization between 2013 and 2014 (2010$) | ||
| Age 18–64 | Age 65+ | Total | |
| Medicaid eligibility | −$39.3 | $0.2 | −$39.1 |
| Housing price index | $21.6 | $52.9 | $74.5 |
| No. of MDs per 1,000 census population | $5.3 | $7.9 | $13.2 |
| Veteran unemployment ratio | −$6.8 | NA | −$6.8 |
| % employees with ESI | $17.3 | NA | $17.3 |
| Total net change | −$2.0 | $61.0 | $59.0 |
| B. Medicaid Expansion States | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| External Factor | Associated Change in Per Capita VA Health Care Utilization between 2013 and 2014 (2010$) | ||
| Age 18–64 | Age 65+ | Total | |
| Medicaid eligibility | −$362.6 | $2.8 | −$359.8 |
| Housing price index | $15.2 | $48.7 | $63.9 |
| No. of MDs per 1,000 census population | $6.2 | $13.4 | $19.5 |
| Veteran unemployment ratio | −$24.6 | NA | −$24.6 |
| % employees with ESI | $30.1 | NA | $30.1 |
| Total net change | −$335.7 | $64.8 | −$270.9 |
| C. Medicaid Nonexpansion States | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| External Factor | Associated Change in Per Capita VA Health Care Utilization between 2013 and 2014 (2010$) | ||
| Age 18–64 | Age 65+ | Total | |
| Medicaid eligibility | −$2.2 | −$6.4 | −$8.5 |
| Housing price index | $8.8 | $51.4 | $60.2 |
| No. of MDs per 1,000 census population | $4.9 | $6.1 | $10.9 |
| Veteran unemployment ratio | −$2.6 | NA | −$2.6 |
| % employees with ESI | −$13.9 | NA | −$13.9 |
| Total net change | −$5.0 | $51.1 | $46.1 |
Note: We calculated the marginal change in VA health care utilization ($, 2010) associated with the observed change in external factor, holding all other factors constant. Besides the change in the external factor between 2008 and 2014, this calculation used (a) demand model estimate of % change in utilization associated with 1% change in each external factor and (b) 2008 VA health care utilization.