Table 1.
Mapping the variables to the HFACS framework
| Variables | Selected items | Location in HFACS | States |
|---|---|---|---|
| Management commitment to safety | Management provides all necessary measures to prevent NSIs Management always emphasizes that all NSIs should be reported | Organizational climate (level 4) | Poor, moderate, good |
| Staffing | The amount of personnel in our unit is enough to perform the needed tasks | Resource management (level 4) | Poor, moderate, good |
| I am responsible for many tasks, so I should always work fast | |||
| Availability of safe work procedures | Safe work procedures for disposing used needles or using safety devices are always readily available in our hospital | Organizational processes (level 4) | Yes, no |
| Night shifts per month | Plan inappropriate operation (level 3) | Normal (≤8), high (9-11), very high (≥12) | |
| Working (hr/wk) | Plan inappropriate operation (level 3) | Normal (<45), high (45-55), very high (>55) | |
| Supervisors’ attitude toward safety | My supervisor always follows safe work practices | Supervisory violation (level 3) | Poor, moderate, good |
| My supervisor always talks to me about the benefits of using safety devices in disposing needles and manipulating sharp equipment | |||
| Safety training | Pre-employment training courses have informed us about the importance of NSIs | Inadequate supervision (level 3) | Poor, moderate, good |
| I received high-quality training regarding how NSIs can be pre- vented | |||
| Fatigue | I always feel tired at work | Condition of operators (level 2) | Low, moderate, high |
| I do not have enough time to fully rest | |||
| Teamwork | There is good collaboration between me and my colleagues | Personal factors (level 2) | Poor, moderate, good |
| My colleagues always inform me about how to prevent NSIs | |||
| Physical environment | My working environment is noisy and distracting | Environmental factors (level 2) | Poor, moderate, good |
| My working environment suffers from poor housekeeping | |||
| Safety motivation | I always prefer to use a safety box or other safety devices for disposing needles | Condition of operators (level 2) | Poor, moderate, good |
| I like to participate in activities that can improve my occupational health and safety and prevent NSIs | |||
| NSIs | Have you experienced an NSI in the last 3 months? | Yes, no |
HFACS, Human Factors Analysis and Classification System; NSI, needlestick and sharps injury.