Table 1.
Patient Sample Characteristics.
| No MetS (N = 16 702) | MetS (N = 1903) | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Match | After Match | |||||
| Age (years) | <.001 | .500 | ||||
| <50 | 3833 | 23% | 148 | 8% | ||
| 50-60 | 4010 | 24% | 424 | 22% | ||
| 60-70 | 4544 | 27% | 745 | 39% | ||
| ≥70 | 4315 | 26% | 586 | 31% | ||
| Gender | .175 | .579 | ||||
| Female | 9206 | 55% | 1080 | 57% | ||
| Male | 7496 | 45% | 823 | 43% | ||
| Race | <.001 | .174 | ||||
| White | 14 226 | 85% | 1536 | 81% | ||
| Black | 1040 | 6% | 230 | 12% | ||
| Asian | 251 | 2% | 25 | 1% | ||
| Other | 135 | 1% | 21 | 1% | ||
| Unknown | 1050 | 6% | 91 | 5% | ||
| BMI (kg/m2)a,b | 29.0 | (25.7-33.3) | 35.7 | (32.6-39.6) | <.001 | — |
| Hypertensionb | 8606 | 52% | 1903 | 100% | <.001 | — |
| Diabetesb | 1253 | 8% | 1903 | 100% | <.001 | — |
| Bleeding disorder | 236 | 1% | 51 | 3% | <.001 | .920 |
| CHF | 45 | 0% | 9 | 0% | .118 | .083 |
| Steroid use | 639 | 4% | 98 | 5% | .005 | .550 |
| Dyspnea | 999 | 6% | 211 | 11% | <.001 | .639 |
| COPD | 760 | 5% | 125 | 7% | <.001 | .691 |
| Smoker | 3701 | 22% | 256 | 13% | <.001 | .638 |
| Surgical factors | ||||||
| ≥2 levels | 5629 | 34% | 698 | 37% | .009 | .866 |
| Anterior interbody fusion | 741 | 4% | 67 | 4% | .063 | .590 |
| Posterior interbody fusion | 7537 | 45% | 765 | 40% | <.001 | .869 |
| Diagnosis | <.001 | .997 | ||||
| Spondylisthesis | 3297 | 20% | 385 | 20% | ||
| Spondylosis | 2012 | 12% | 230 | 12% | ||
| Intervertebral disc disorder | 4740 | 28% | 462 | 24% | ||
| Spinal stenosis | 4878 | 29% | 658 | 35% | ||
| Scoliosis | 396 | 2% | 28 | 1% | ||
| Other | 1379 | 8% | 140 | 7% | ||
Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
aContinuous variables reported as median with interquartile range.
bPatients not matched on these factors given their association with the definition of metabolic syndrome.