Table 1.

Clustering and Validating Variables.

Clustering variables	Description
Diabetes technology attitudes9	5 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Example items: “Diabetes technology has made my life easier”; “Diabetes technology has made managing my health easier”; and “I am lucky to live in a time with so much diabetes technology.” Higher scores indicate positive attitudes. Items are summed to create a total score and mean-centered for clustering. Internal consistency was .91.
Barriers to using diabetes devices9	Four categories of barriers to using diabetes devices were nervousness to rely on technology (2 items; example: “nervous that the device might not work”); not wanting attention from others (2 items; example: “do not like diabetes devices because people notice them and ask questions about them”); burden of wearing devices on the body (4 items; example: “do not like having devices on my body”); and not wanting more diabetes information (3 items; example: “do not want to have more information about my diabetes). Items are summed within each category and mean-centered for clustering.
Validating variables
Current device use	A single item asked participants to identify their current device use: CGM and insulin pump together; glucose meter and pump; CGM and injections; or glucose meter and injections.
Age and diabetes duration	From T1D Exchange clinic registry data
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)	From T1D Exchange clinic registry data, which includes HbA1c values available in the medical chart. Values came from laboratory collection at the clinic or through point-of-care testing. Values were included in this study if the HbA1c test date was within 3 months of survey completion. HbA1c data were available in 452 participants.
Diabetes Distress	28-item Diabetes Distress Scale for adults with T1D (DDS-T1).26 Items are on a 6-point Likert scale. Example items: “feeling like I have to hide my diabetes from other people”; “feeling that I am not as skilled at managing diabetes as I should be.” Items are averaged to create a total score. Internal consistency was .94.
Worry about hypoglycemia	18-item Worry subscale from Hypoglycemia Fear Scale (HFS-Worry).27,28 Items are on a 5-point Likert scale in which the respondent rates how worried they are about each item happening due to low blood sugar. Example items: “passing out in public”; “embarrassing myself or my friends in a social situation.” Items are summed to create a total score. Internal consistency was .94.