Figure 3.

Attenuation of BMSC-induced upregulation of p65 by antagonism of chemokine signaling associated with BMSCs’ pain-relieving effect. Prior to infusion of BMSCs, Ccl4 was knocked down from primary BMSCs by transduction with Ccl4 shRNA, CCR2 was blocked by pretreatment of BMSCs with RS 102895 (10 μM for 24 h), a CCR2b antagonist, and CCR5 was blocked by pretreatment of BMSCs with maraviroc (200 nM for 24 h), a CCR5 antagonist. Culture medium (Med) was a control for BMSCs. ^##p < 0.01 vs. Naïve; **p<0.01 vs. Veh. N = 4.