Figure 1.

The protein composition of mTORC1 and mTORC2. (a) Schematic showing main molecular components and signals sensed by mTORC1 and mTORC2 (in the rectangles) and the processes they regulate to control cell growth and survival. With high sensitivity to rapamycin, mTORC1 senses oxygen, glucose, amino acids, energy, and growth factors to regulate cell growth by inhibiting autophagy and promoting several anabolic reactions, including synthesis of protein, lipids, and nucleotides. mTORC2 is insensitive to acute rapamycin treatment but responds to growth factors and insulin to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as survival and proliferation. (b) Schematic representation of mTORC2 core components. Domains of known function or structural motifs are indicated. Description of the abbreviations listed is contained within this review.