Table 2.

Independent t-tests: manipulation check analyses, goal model condition predicting goal organizing principles.

DV	Predictor	M	SD	B	SE	t	p	95% CI	${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{2}}$
Importance	1. Hierarchical	4.67	1.37	0.82***	0.24	3.42	0.001	[0.35, 1.29]	0.06
	2. Network	3.74	1.72	-0.58*	0.25	-2.36	0.019	[-1.07, -0.10]	0.03
	3. Sequential	3.96	1.62	-0.26	0.25	-1.05	0.296	[-0.75, 0.23]	0.01
Interconnection	1. Hierarchical	4.62	1.21	-0.18	0.18	-1.03	0.307	[-0.53, 0.17]	0.01
	2. Network	4.92	1.13	0.26	0.18	1.43	0.154	[-0.10, 0.61]	0.01
	3. Sequential	4.69	1.17	-0.07	0.18	-0.38	0.702	[-0.43, 0.29]	<0.01
Time	1. Hierarchical	3.57	1.47	-0.71**	0.26	-2.72	0.007	[-1.23, -0.20]	0.04
	2. Network	3.42	1.41	-0.90***	0.26	-3.44	0.001	[-1.42, -0.39]	0.06
	3. Sequential	5.12	1.82	1.62***	0.24	6.71	<0.001	[1.15, 2.10]	0.19

N = 191: 66 hierarchical (35%), 62 network (32%), and 63 sequential (33%). Predictors are dummy-coded (e.g., Hierarchical Model: hierarchical = 1, network = 0, sequential = 0). For each dependent variable, individual tests are numbered separately. *p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.