Table 3.
Independent t-tests and GLMs: network model condition (vs. other two conditions) predicting creativity measures, and exploratory and robustness analyses.
| DV | Predictor | M | SD | B | SE | T | p | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focal t-tests | |||||||||
| Convergent creativity | (1) Network | 4.27 | 1.41 | 0.52* | 0.23 | 2.26 | 0.025 | [0.07, 0.97] | 0.03 |
| Divergent creativity | (1) Network | -0.003 | 0.82 | -0.02 | 0.14 | -0.14 | 0.889 | [-0.29, 0.25] | <0.01 |
| Exploratory t-tests | |||||||||
| Convergent creativity | (1) Hierarchical | 3.72 | 1.54 | -0.32 | 0.23 | -1.39 | 0.166 | [-0.77, 0.13] | 0.01 |
| (2) Sequential | 3.80 | 1.50 | -0.19 | 0.23 | -0.82 | 0.413 | [-0.64, 0.27] | <0.01 | |
| Divergent creativity | (1) Hierarchical | -0.003 | 0.93 | -0.02 | 0.14 | -0.15 | 0.882 | [-0.29, 0.25] | <0.01 |
| (2) Sequential | 0.036 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.772 | [-0.23, 0.31] | <0.01 | |
| Number of goals | (1) Hierarchical | 12.71 | 5.51 | 1.66* | 0.80 | 2.08 | 0.039 | [0.08, 3.23] | 0.02 |
| (2) Network | 13.45 | 4.71 | 2.70*** | 0.80 | 3.39 | 0.001 | [1.13, 4.27] | 0.06 | |
| (3) Sequential | 8.70 | 4.33 | -4.37*** | 0.75 | -5.82 | <0.001 | [-5.85, -2.89] | 0.15 | |
| Goal importance | (1) Hierarchical | 8.50 | 1.28 | -0.20 | 0.19 | -1.05 | 0.293 | [-0.58, 0.17] | 0.01 |
| (2) Network | 8.58 | 1.01 | -0.08 | 0.19 | -0.39 | 0.695 | [-0.46, 0.31] | <0.01 | |
| (3) Sequential | 8.82 | 1.42 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 1.46 | 0.146 | [-0.10, 0.66] | 0.01 | |
| Robustness analysis: GLMs including controlsa | |||||||||
| Convergent creativity | (1) Network | 4.22 | 1.50 | 0.45 | 0.23 | 1.92 | 0.057 | [-0.01, 0.91] | 0.02 |
| Number of goals | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.326 | [-0.02, 0.06] | 0.01 | |||
| Goal importance | 0.18* | 0.09 | -2.00 | 0.047 | [-0.35, 0.00] | 0.02 | |||
| (2) Hierarchical | 3.66 | 1.48 | -0.41 | 0.23 | -1.82 | 0.070 | [-0.86, 0.03] | 0.02 | |
| Number of goals | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.72 | 0.087 | [-0.01, 0.08] | 0.02 | |||
| Goal importance | -0.18* | 0.09 | -2.02 | 0.045 | [-0.35, 0.00] | 0.02 | |||
| (3) Sequential | 3.91 | 1.55 | -0.01 | 0.25 | -0.03 | 0.974 | [-0.50, 0.48] | <0.01 | |
| Number of goals | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.35 | 0.178 | [-0.01, 0.08] | 0.01 | |||
| Goal importance | -0.17 | 0.09 | -1.93 | 0.055 | [-0.35, 0.00] | 0.02 | |||
| Divergent creativity | (1) Network | -0.07 | 0.89 | -0.11 | 0.14 | -0.76 | 0.450 | [-0.38, 0.17] | <0.01 |
| Number of goals | 0.03* | 0.01 | 2.36 | 0.019 | [0.00, 0.06] | 0.03 | |||
| Goal importance | -0.07 | 0.05 | -1.30 | 0.196 | [-0.17, 0.04] | 0.01 | |||
| (2) Hierarchical | -0.05 | 0.88 | -0.08 | 0.13 | -0.61 | 0.544 | [-0.35, 0.18] | <0.01 | |
| Number of goals | 0.03* | 0.01 | 2.31 | 0.022 | [0.00, 0.05] | 0.03 | |||
| Goal importance | -0.07 | 0.05 | -1.34 | 0.181 | [-0.17, 0.03] | 0.01 | |||
| (3) Sequential | 0.15 | 0.92 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 1.46 | 0.146 | [-0.07, 0.50] | 0.01 | |
| Number of goals | 0.03** | 0.01 | 2.64 | 0.009 | [0.01, 0.06] | 0.04 | |||
| Goal importance | -0.07 | 0.05 | -1.35 | 0.179 | [-0.17, 0.03] | 0.01 | |||
N = 191: 66 hierarchical (35%), 62 network (32%), and 63 sequential (33%). aAdjusted means (with control variables) of each goal model condition are reported. Predictors are dummy-coded (e.g., Hierarchical Model: hierarchical = 1, network = 0, sequential = 0). The statistical model(s) tested for each dependent variable are numbered accordingly. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.