Table 3.
Natural products in reducing chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity.
| Name | Effect/Mechanism | Experimental setting/Model | Ingredients/Source | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashwagandha | Anti-oxidant | Radiation-induced hepatotoxicity in rats | Alkaloids, withanolides, and several sitoindosides | Hosny Mansour and Farouk Hafez, 2012 |
| N. sativa oil | Reduction of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and fibrogenic markers | Irradiation-induced liver injury in rats | Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, phytosterols, and several other substances including thymoquinone (up to 25% in volatile oil), carvacrol, t-anethole, sesquiterpenelongifolene and 4 terpinol | Radwan and Mohamed, 2018 |
| Milk thistle | Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis | Patients | Silymarin | Frassova and Ruda-Kucerova, 2017 |
| Active Hexose Correlated Compound | Anti-oxidantion, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effect, anti-infectious effect and immunoenhancing activity | Patients | A culture extract of mycelium of Lentinula edodes (Basiomycetes family of fungi) | Ito et al., 2014 |
| Pine bark extract | Anti-oxidation | Cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats | Mixture of bioflavonoids | Ko et al., 2014 |
| Pomegranate | Anti-oxidation | Cisplatin-induced liver damage in rabbits | Robust polyphenolic flavonoid | Yildirim et al., 2013 |
| P. fraternus | Reduction of mitochondrial damage | Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats | Alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, and terpenes | Kumari and Setty, 2012 |
| Grape seed extract | Reduction of oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia and hematological alterations | Dexamethasone-induced liver histopathological change in rats | A number of polyphenols, including procyanidins and proanthocyanidins | Hasona and Morsi, 2018 |
| Ginsenoside Rg1 | Regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway | Cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice | A main compound of Ginseng | Gao et al., 2017 |
| Turmeric | Induction of an acute toxic hepatitis by interacting with paclitaxel | Patients | An herbaceous perennial plant originated from Southeast Asia | Costa et al., 2018 |
| S. baicalensis | Induction of autoimmune hepatitis | Mice | A principal constituents of Shosaikoto (or TJ-9) | Wang et al., 2014 |