Table 5.

Natural products in reducing chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced hematopoietic system injury.

Name	Effect/Mechanism	Experimental setting/Model	Ingredients/Source	References
Shuang-Huang-Sheng-Bai granule	Elevation of white blood cells, promotion of the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and the growth of bone marrow hematopoietic cells, inhibition of tumor cell growth and some immunomodulatory effects	Patients	Made from Astragalus membranaceus, Rhizoma polygonati, Rhizoma drynariae, Fructus ligustri lucidi, Radix trichosanthes, and Herba epimedii Main chemical constituents: astragaloside, polysaccharides, naringin, specnuezhenide, and icariin	Wang L. F. et al., 2017
Sheng-Mai injection	Improvement in quality of life, increase of the cellular immunity	Patients	Made from Radix ginseng, Radix ophiopogonis, and Fructus schisandrae chinensis Main chemical constituents: ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D', ophiogonanone A and ophiogonanone B	Duan et al., 2018
Panaxadiol saponins	Regulation of MEK and ERK protein kinases, C-kit, and GATA-1 transcription factors	Cyclophosphamide- treated mice	Derived from Ginseng	Sun X. et al., 2018
Ginsenoside Rg3	Induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, promotion of immunity	Patients	A main compound of Ginseng	Zhang et al., 2018
Dang-Gui-Bu-Xue decoction	No prevention of myelosuppression in breast cancer patients	Patients	Made from Radix astragali and Radix Angelicae sinensis Main chemical constituents: calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, Z-ligustilide, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II and astragaloside I	Hong et al., 2017
Dang-Gui-Si-Ni decoction	Upregulation of thrombopoietin expression	Myelosuppression model of mice	Made from Angelica sinensis, Cinnamomi cassia, Paeonia lactiiflora, Tetrapanax papyriferus, Asarum heterotropoides, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Ziziphus jujuba Main chemical constituents: ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid	Chen et al., 2015
Icaritin	Promoting the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, inhibition of apoptosis and stimulating the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and thyroperoxidase	Cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in mice	Hydrolyzed by icariin	Sun C. et al., 2018
Saponins	Activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Erk1/2, inhibition of the cytokine expression	Myelosuppressive mice	A main ingredients of Radix Sanguisorbae	Chen X. et al., 2017
Paeoniflorin and albiflorin	Increase of the white blood cell counts, attenuation of the atrophy of thymus	Cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy-induced myelosuppression in animals	Active constituents derived from the root of P. lactiflora	Zhu Y. et al., 2016; Zhu Y.-L. et al., 2016
Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin formula	Anti-oxidation	Mice after total body irradiation	Made from Astragalus root, Ginseng, glossy privet fruit, Eclipta alba, Chinese Angelica, Bighead Atractylodes rhizome, Wolfiporia extensa, and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata Main chemical constituents: astragaloside, ginsenoside, specnuezhenide, ferulic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid	Zhang et al., 2017
San-Yang-Xue-Dai mixture	Inhibition of ROS-mediated apoptosis	Doxorubicin-treated mice	Made from Sanguis draconis, Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis Main chemical constituents: bornyl acetate, dracorhodin, ferulic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1	Chen T. et al., 2017
Rutin-enriched coriander extract	Inhibition of ROS-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage	Ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic injury of mice	Phenolic acids (caffeic acid, protocatechinic acid, and gentisic acid), glycitin, and pyrogallol	Han et al., 2017a
Theaflavin	Anti-oxidation via the Nrf2 pathway	Ionizing radiation-induced HSC injury in mice	Tea pigments from black tea	Han et al., 2017b
Astaxanthin	Anti-oxidation, activation of Nrf2 and anti-oxidative proteins	Radiation-induced mice	Found in marine organisms	Xue et al., 2017