Table 4. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the response surface model and regression equations for evaluating effects of spray drying on the viability and probiotic properties of L. fermentum K73.

Factor	Bacterial change cycle (N/(log CFU/g))
	After spray drying					After gastric pH conditions					After bile salt conditions
	Sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F-value	p-value	Sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F-value	p-value	Sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F-value	p-value
Model type	Quadratic					Cubic					Cubic
Model	4785.13	5	957.03	37.29	<0.0001*	2.28	9	0.25	7.19	0.013*	0.79	9	0.088	20.43	0.0008*
A	3825.34	1	3825.34	149.04	<0.0001*	0.036	1	0.036	1.02	0.352	0.029	1	0.029	6.82	0.040*
B	1.00	1	1.00	0.04	0.85	0.038	1	0.038	1.08	0.34	1.775	1	1.775	0.41	0.545
AB	6.95	1	6.95	0.27	0.61	0.28	1	0.28	7.87	0.031*	2.091	1	2.091	0.48	0.513
A2	433.04	1	433.04	16.87	0.002*	0.73	1	0.73	20.66	0.004*	0.13	1	0.13	29.52	0.002*
B2	247.07	1	247.07	9.63	0.011*	0.93	1	0.93	26.4	0.002*	0.16	1	0.16	37.6	0.001*
A2B						0.37	1	0.37	10.45	0.018*	0.017	1	0.017	4.05	0.091
AB2						0.39	1	0.39	11.02	0.016*	0.079	1	0.079	18.35	0.005*
A3						0.822	1	0.822	0.023	0.884	0.892	1	0.892	0.21	0.665
B3						0	1	0	0.009	0.998	0.012	1	0.012	2.84	0.143
Residual	256.66	10	25.67			0.21	6	0.035			0.026	6	4.316
Lack of fit	177.47	5	35.50	2.24	0.198	0.12	1	0.12	6.56	0.051	0.01	1	0.01	3.33	0.127
Pure error	79.19	5	15.84			0.091	5	0.018			0.016	5	3.107
Corr. total	5041.79	15				2.49	15				0.82	15
R2	0.949					0.915					0.968
Final equation in terms of coded factors	N/(log CFU/g)=–2.835–1.962×A–1.057×A2–0.698×B2					N/(log CFU/g)=–1.01–0.34×AB+ +0.69×A2+0.70×B2+0.72×A2B–0.61×AB2					N/(log CFU/g)=–0.54+0.29×A2+0.29×B2–0.28×AB2

A=outlet temperature, B=pressure; *significant at α=0.05