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. 2018 Nov 6;9:1239. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01239

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Copyright © 2018 Liu, Zhu, Liu, Li, Chen, Jia, Wang, Ma, Tian, Wang, Fu, Niu, Orekhov, Gao, Zhang and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Treatment of diabetic rats with MF promoted bone formation and inhibited bone resorption in the tibias and femurs. The representative micro-images of IHC staining (sections were counterstained with hematoxylin; original magnification, × 100, Scale bar: 200 μm; × 200, Scale bar: 100 μm) and their analyses show the expressions of IGF-1 (A,B), RANKL (E,F), and OPG (G,H) in the femurs of different groups of rats. (C,D) Show the representative western blot images and their analyses of protein expressions of Runx2 and cathepsin K in the tibias of different groups of rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 10. The dark brown particles denote positive staining. IOD denotes integrated optical density of interested areas. ^#p < 0.05 or ^##p < 0.01 compared with NC group, *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 compared with DM group, ^ΔΔp < 0.01 compared with MFL group.