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. 2018 Nov 6;9:1239. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01239

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Copyright © 2018 Liu, Zhu, Liu, Li, Chen, Jia, Wang, Ma, Tian, Wang, Fu, Niu, Orekhov, Gao, Zhang and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic diagram illustrated the underlying mechanisms of MF aqueous extract in improving bone quality of diabetic rats. Administration of MF aqueous extract to diabetic rats improves calcium homeostasis through increasing the level of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and decreasing the level of PTH as well as promoting VDR and TRPV6 expressions in the duodenum and CaBP-28k expression in the kidneys. Meanwhile, MF also rebuilds redox balance through reducing the expressions of AGEs, RAGE, Nox4, and NF-κB in the femurs and tibias of diabetic rats. MF, Mori Folium; 1,25(OH)2D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; PTH, parathormone; VDR, vitamin D receptor; TRPV6, transient receptor potential V6; CaBP-28k, calcium-binding protein-28k; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; RAGE, receptor of advanced glycation end products; Nox4, NADPH oxidoreductase 4; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B.