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. 2018 Nov 13;8:16770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35169-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Adenoid: Nasopharynx ratio was measured by lateral cephalometry and was calculated as the ratio of the distance between the outermost point of anterior convexity of the adenoid shadow (A) and the straight part of the anterior margin of the basicocciput (P) to the distance between sphenobasioccipital synchondrosis and the posterior end of the hard palate (N).