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. 2018 Nov 13;8:16717. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34560-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Real-time signal acquisition, filtering and root mean square (RMS) calculation. From left to the right, note the three different time frames with increasing current stimulation, achieving higher SO frequency. Stimulation protocol applied in in vitro experiments consisting in a 60 s pulse train stimulation followed by a 20 s pause. The averaging window used to estimate slow oscillation frequency lasts 40 s. By modulating the stimulation current, it is possible to reach the target SO frequency, thus demonstrating the potentialities of the Corticonic system in closed-loop applications. In raw LFP signal traces, several Up states can be observed. In order to estimate the SO frequency, the signal RMS is calculated in the MUA band.