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. 2018 Nov 13;5:180254. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2018.254

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Copyright © 2018, The Author(s)

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the metadata files made available in this article.

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(a) Current climate (from CHELSA). (b) Pleistocene MIS19 (ca. 787 Ka). (c) mid-Pliocene Warming Period (3.265-3.025 Ma). Sea-levels were on average 25 m higher than modern times (depicted in gray). The grayed areas are not part of the final corresponding datasets. (d) Pliocene M2 period (3.3 Ma). Sea-level is 40 m lower than current levels and, in many areas, coastlines were expanded. (e) Sea-surface temperature changes (left axis) and speciation rates (right axis) during the last 5 Ma (gray line and red line, respectively. Data from^{17, 54}). Black arrows highlight time periods of this study. The gray box depicts the time periods of high-resolution climate data currently widely available to biologists.