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. 2018 Nov 12;8:59. doi: 10.1186/s13578-018-0255-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Diagram of the CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas12a and CRISPR/Cas13 genome editing protocol. DRs (red) and spacer (blue) constitute the sequence of sgRNA (in Cas9 systems) or crRNA (in Cas12a and Cas13 systems). Optimal PAMs or PFSs highlighted in pink are critical for target recognition of these corresponding systems. In Cas9 staggered cleavage pattern, HNH cleaves TS to generate blunted end while RuvC cleaves NTS to generate non-blunted ends with 5′ 1- to 3-nt overhangs. The cleavage of Cas12a and Cas13 systems is in a staggered and collateral manner, respectively