Table 3.
GWAS candidate variants.
| Gene Symbol |
Description | Addiction Cycle |
Function | SNP | p value | Genomic Context | References | Gene/Pathway Tested Animal Models |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MBNL2 | Musdeblind-like protein 2 | Binge-intoxication | Alternative Splicing | rs9556711 | p<10-7 | intron_variant | Heath et al., 2011 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| RASL11A | RAS Like Family 11 Member A | Binge-intoxication | GTPase Signlaing | rs9512637 | p<10-7 | intergenic_variant | Heath et al., 2011 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| MSX1 | Msh homeobox 1 | Binge-intoxication | Dopamine-Beta-Catenin Signaling | rs1000579 | p<10-7 | intergenic_variant | Frank et al., 2012 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| PKNOX2 | PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 2 | Binge-intoxication | Actin Signaling | rs750338 | p<10-6 | intron_variant | Wang et al., 2011 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| PKNOX2 | PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 2 | Binge-intoxication | Actin Signaling | rs1426153 | P<106 | intron_variant | Zuo et al., 2012 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| PKNOX2 | PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 2 | Binge-intoxication | Actin Signaling | rs10893366 | P<10-6 | intron_variant | Zuo et al., 2012 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| PKNOX2 | PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 2 | Binge-intoxication | Actin Signaling | rs10893366 | p<10-7 | intron_variant | Bierut et al., 2010 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| POMC | Proopiomelanocortin | Binge-intoxication | Neuroendocrine-Anti-Stress | rs33950052 | p<10-4 | intron_variant | Kendler et al., 2011 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| PECR | Peroxisomal Trans-2-Enoyl-CoA Reductase | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Neuroinflammation-Peroxisome | rs7590720 | p<10-8 | intron_variant | Treutlein et al., 2009 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| SERINC2 | Serine Incorporator 2 | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Ionotropic Glutamate | rs4478858 | p<10-8 | intron_variant | Zuo et al., 2012 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| SGCG | Sarcoglycan Gamma | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex | rs4770403 | p<10-6 | 5_prime_UTR_variant | Frank et al., 2012 | Gene-No; Pathway-No |
| CMTM8 | CKLF Like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain Containing 8 | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Neuroinflammation-Cytokine | rs9825310 | p<10-6 | intergenic_variant | Frank et al., 2012 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| NAP1L4 | Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1 Like 4 | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Chromatin Remodeling | rs8505 | p<10-5 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | Edenberg et al., 2010 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| KCNMA1 | Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily M Alpha 1 | Withdrawal-Negative affect | BK-Potassium Channel, Calcium Activated | rs2077641 | p<10-4 | intron_variant | Kendler et al., 2011 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| GATA4 | GATA Binding Protein 4 | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Neuroendocrine-Stress | rs13273672 | p<10-4 | intron_variant | Treutlein et al., 2009 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| GRM5 | Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor 5 | Withdrawal-Negative affect | Metabotropic Glutamate | rs6483362 | p<10-6 | intron_variant | Bierut et al., 2010 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| HTR1A | 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A | Preoccupation-Anticipation | Serotonin-Compulsivity | rs7445832 | p<10-9 | intergenic_variant | Zuo et al., 2012 | Gene-Yes; Pathway-Yes |
| CARS | Cysteinyl-TRNA Synthetase | Preoccupation-Anticipation | Cysteine-Glutamate system | rs4758621 | p<10-4 | 5_prime_UTR_variant | Edenberg et al., 2010 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |
| TPK1 | Thiamin Pyrophosphokinase 1 | Preoccupation-Anticipation | Thiamine-Neurodegeneration | rs10224675 | p<10-6 | intron_variant | Bierut et al., 2010 | Gene-No; Pathway-Yes |