Table 1.

Examples of PCLC Devices Discussed in the Workshop

PCLC Medical Device	Example of Sensed Physiological Variable	Control Objective	Actuated Therapy
Hemodynamic stability controller	Pulse pressure variability/mean arterial pressure	To maintain adequate cardiovascular performance	Titration of fluid volume infusion and/or vasopressors using
Mechanical ventilation/oxygenation controller	Blood oxygen saturation (Spo2)	To maintain peripheral oxygen saturation	infusion pump Fio2 adjusted by blender
Anesthesia delivery controller	End-tidal anesthetic concentration, EEG-based sensing, Spo2 respiratory rate	To maintain anesthesia. To maintain depth of hypnosis	Titration of anesthetics using infusion pumps or gas mixers

Abbreviations: EEG, electroencephalogram; Fio₂, fraction of inspired oxygen; PCLC, physiological closed-loop controlled; Spo₂, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.