Table 5.

Aluminium sensors. Receptor molecules are listed in column one. Aluminium detection limits of each sensor with the linear range in parenthesis (if known) are listed in column two

Ion-selective receptor molecule	Detection limit (linear range)	Sensor mechanism	Reference
Methylene blue	0.2 nM	Exonuclease III activity of DNA oligonucleotides and methylene blue-labelled T-rich probes	Xuan et al. 2013
Au NPs	0.5 nM	Au NP-functionalized DNA	Kong et al. 2009
Au NPs	2.3 nM	Electrochemical stripping assay using thiolated amino acid-capped Au NPs in a carbon ionic liquid electrode	Safavi and Farjami 2011
Pd NPs	2 μM	Amperometry using superoxide dismutase and glutaraldehyde on screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with tetrathiofulvalene and Pd NPs	Barquero-Quirós and Arcos-Martínez 2016
Au NPs	3.6 μM (2–18 μM)	Colorimetry using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-capped Au NPs	Siewdorlang and Devendra 2016