Table 1.

Characteristics of randomized controlled trials included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 9)

Authors	Year	Country	Subjects(N)		Intervention description					Parameters		Diagnosis criteria
			IG	CG	Type of exercise	Gestational period (weeks)	Duration (minutes)	Frequency (times/week)	Intensity	Maternal	Neonatal
Barakat et al. [45]	2013	Spain	107	93	mobilization exercises, aerobic dance, and muscle training.	from 9 to 13 weeks to the end of the third trimester	50–60	3	Light- moderate	√	√	Not mentioned.
Barakat et al. (a) [51]	2013	Spain	210	218	aerobic exercises, muscle strength and flexibility	weeks 10 to 12 of pregnancy to the end of the third trimester	50–55	3	moderate	√	√	WHO
Barakat et al. (b) [51]	2013	Spain	210	218	aerobic exercises, muscle strength and flexibility	weeks 10 to 12 of pregnancy to the end of the third trimester	50–55	3	moderate	√	√	IADPSG
Barakat et al. [49]	2011	Spain	40	43	two land aerobic sessions and one aquatic activities session.	from week 6–9 to the end of the third trimester	35–45	3	Light- moderate	√	√	Self-reported
Cordero et al. [44]	2014	Spain	101	156	two on land and one as an aquatic activity	weeks 10 and 14 to the end of the third trimester	50–60	3	Light- moderate	√	√	NDDG
Stafne et al. [50]	2012	Norway	375	327	aerobics, resistance, stretching	between 20 and 36 gestation weeks	60	1	Moderate	√	√	WHO
Tomić et al. [48]	2013	Croatia	166	168	aerobic exercise	From 6 to 8 gestation week till the week of delivery	50	3	Moderate	√	√	WHO
Ruiz et al. [47]	2013	Spain	481	481	aerobics exercise and resistance exercises	From week 9 to week 38–39	50–55	3	Light-moderate	√	√	Not mentioned
Barakat et al. [46]	2014	Spain	152	138	toning and joint mobilization exercises and resistance exercises	From week 8–10 to week 38–39	55–60	3	Moderate	√	√	Not mentioned

IG intervention group, CG control group

Barakat et al. (a) = analysis with World Health Organization criteria; Barakat et al. (b) = analysis with International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria