Table 4.
CCD-based optimum conditions of each extraction method for maximum target responses
| Extraction methods | Target responses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | Optimum conditions | Yield (%) | Cinnamic acid (mg/100 mL) | Cinnamaldehyde yield (mg/100 mL) | |
| Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) | |||||
| X1 | Ethanol concentration (%) | 59.13 | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 6.13 ± 0.08 | 226.26 ± 1.56 |
| X2 | Microwave power (W) | 147.59 | |||
| X3 | Extraction time (min) | 3.41 | |||
| Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) | |||||
| X1 | Ethanol concentration (%) | 55.34 | 0.76 ± 0.01 | 5.67 ± 0.04 | 205.26 ± 0.03 |
| X2 | Extraction time (min) | 33.12 | |||
| Reflux extraction (RE) | |||||
| X1 | Ethanol concentration (%) | 63.56 | 0.94 ± 0.02 | 6.93 ± 0.21 | 229.60 ± 0.06 |
| X2 | Extraction temperature (°C) | 77.62 | |||
| X3 | Extraction time (h) | 2.25 | |||