Table 3.
Univariable Analysis of Infant HIV Infection by EMTCT Service and Other Health System & Maternal/Infant indicators
| Variable | Answer (#)* | MTCT % | 95%CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMTCT Site | Yes (1547) | 1.6 | 1.1–2.5 | 0.097 |
| No (92) | 0.7 | 0.2–2.4 | ||
| HIV Test Results written on Card | Yes (1516) | 1.6 | 1.0–2.5 | 0.0504 |
| No (81) | 0.5 | 0.1–1.9 | ||
| Mother HIV testing during pregnancy (in Negative or Unknown at beginning of pregnancy) | Yes (1615) | 1.6 | 1.0–2.4 | 0.6220 |
| No (24) | 2.4 | 0.6–10.0 | ||
| Mother HIV status known during pregnancy | Tested HIV+ during pregnancy (1280) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.1 | 0.051 |
| Tested HIV Negative during pregnancy (162) | 3.5 | 1.7–7.0 | ||
| Not tested during pregnancy (177) | 2.7 | 1.4–5.1 | ||
| Mother CD4 Count done | CD4 done (1505) | 1.6 | 1.0–2.4 | 0.432 |
| CD4 not done (92) | 2.7 | 1.07.4 | ||
| Mother referred to ART clinic | Yes referred (1316) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.0 | 0.034 |
| Not referred (242) | 3.2 | 1.9–5.6 | ||
| CD4 level | > 350 (275) | 2.2 | 1.1–4.5 | 0.328 |
| <=350 (1075) | 1.4 | 0.7–2.5 | ||
| Mother visited ART clinic | Yes (1467) | 1.6 | 1.1–2.5 | 0.637 |
| No (107) | 1.2 | 0.3–4.6 | ||
| Maternal took ART/ARV during pregnancy | Yes (1474) | 1.3 | 0.8–2.1 | 0.051 |
| No (120) | 4.9 | 2.4–9.8 | ||
| Mother timing of initiation of ART | Prior to pregnancy (637) | 0.4 | 0.2–0.9 | 0.012 |
| During Pregnancy (686) | 1.9 | 1.1–3.4 | ||
| After Delivery (44) | 8.6 | 2.5–26.2 | ||
| Infant ARV Prophylaxis Initiation | Nevirapine within 72 h (1149) | 1.2 | 1.0–2.4 | 0.062 |
| Nevirapine not within 72 hoursbut within 6 weeks/no (430) | 2.7 | 1.6–4.5 | ||
| Mother-Baby ART/ARV | Mother & Baby Received (1422) | 1.3 | 0.8–2.2 | 0.056 |
| Not Mother-Baby ART/ARV (either mother or baby or both no treatment) (128) | 4.7 | 2.3–9.3 | ||
| Infant Cotrimoxazole | Yes (639) | 1.1 | 0.5–2.7 | 0.217 |
| No (965) | 2.0 | 1.3–3.2 | ||
| Infant Feeding Counselling received | Yes (1420) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.0 | 0.024 |
| No (194) | 3.6 | 2.1–6.1 | ||
| Infant Feeding exclusive breastfeeding in last 24 h | Yes (1439) | 1.5 | 0.9–2.3 | 0.399 |
| No (196) | 2.4 | 1.0–5.7 | ||
| Any Breastfeeding | Yes (1429) | 1.5 | 1.0–2.4 | 0.535 |
| No (210) | 2.1 | 0.9–5.1 | ||
| Disclosed status | Yes (1340) | 1.1 | 0.7–1.9 | 0.006 |
| Nov (252) | 4.1 | 2.4–6.8 | ||
| Perceived Discrimination | Yes (212) | 2.7 | 1.2–6.0 | 0.255 |
| No (1372) | 1.5 | 0.9–2.3 | ||
| Antenatal Care | 0 visits (17) | 11.3 | 3.5–30.9 | 0.130 |
| 1 or more visits (1586) | 1.5 | 1.0–2.3 | ||
| Gestational Age started antenatal care | < 27 Weeks (1093) | 1.0 | 0.5–2.0 | 0.049 |
| > = 27 Weeks (546) | 2.7 | 1.5–4.6 | ||
| Syphilis Screen during pregnancy | Yes (1264) | 1.4 | 0.9–2.3 | 0.062 |
| No (237) | 3.0 | 1.8–5.2 | ||
| Tuberculosis Screen during pregnancy | Yes (602) | 1.9 | 1.0–3.6 | 0.458 |
| No (952) | 1.4 | 0.8–2.4 | ||
| Place of Delivery | Facility (1525) | 1.5 | 0.9–2.2 | 0.257 |
| Home/Other (98) | 3.5 | 1.3–9.1 | ||
| Method of Delivery | Vaginal (1343) | 1.4 | 0.9–2.2 | 0.897 |
| Caesarean Section (237) | 1.5 | 0.6–4.0 | ||
| Delivered by | Doctor (310) | 1.4 | 0.6–3.3 | 0.449 |
| Midwife/Nurse (1217) | 1.4 | 0.9–2.4 | ||
| Traditional Birth Attendant/Other (80) | 4.2 | 1.6–10.6 | ||
| Low Birth Weight | Yes (85) | 2.2 | 1.0–4.9 | 0.467 |
| No (1533) | 1.5 | 1.0–2.4 | ||
| Preterm | Yes (41) | 3.5 | 1.3–9.4 | 0.349 |
| No (1598) | 1.5 | 1.0–2.4 |
*Totals may not add to 100% due to missing