Table 2.
Pre-weight loss characteristics of 164 study participants by diet group. Values are means (standard deviations) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Carbohydrate content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| High (n=54) | Moderate (n=53) | Low (n=57) | |
| Men | 12 (22) | 17 (32) | 20 (35) |
| Women | 42 (78) | 36 (68) | 37 (65) |
| Hispanic ethnicity,* No (%) | 8 (15) | 7 (13) | 10 (18) |
| Race, No (%)*: | |||
| White | 44 (81) | 41 (77) | 43 (75) |
| Black | 4 (7) | 7 (13) | 6 (11) |
| Asian | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Unknown/other | 4 (7) | 3 (6) | 7 (12) |
| Age (years) | 39.8 (15.1) | 37.3 (14.9) | 37.1 (13.3) |
| Weight (kg) | 88.4 (16.6) | 94.8 (19.7) | 91.2 (17.9) |
| Weight loss (% of pre-weight loss) | 10.6 (1.7) | 10.5 (1.8) | 10.3 (1.6) |
| Height (cm) | 166.7 (9.0) | 167.9 (11.2) | 168.5 (9.8) |
| Body mass index | 31.7 (4.3) | 33.5 (5.3) | 32.0 (4.8) |
| Total energy expenditure (kcal/d) | 2915 (686) | 3030 (788) | 3110 (680) |
| Resting energy expenditure (kcal/d) | 1654 (318) | 1751 (387) | 1695 (331) |
| Physical activity: | |||
| Total physical activity (counts/d, 000s)† | 510.0 (172.1) | 509.1 (146.4) | 525.2 (182.4) |
| MVPA (min/d)‡ | 26.4 (19.4) | 27.7 (19.5) | 29.7 (19.8) |
| Sedentary time (min/d)§ | 567.2 (91.0) | 591.8 (105.4) | 566.1 (97.1) |
| Skeletal muscle work efficiency at 10 W (%) | 11.1 (2.5) | 10.3 (2.6) | 11.1 (3.6) |
| Ghrelin level (pg/mL) | 648.6 (293.7) | 530.0 (281.0) | 558.2 (288.3) |
| Leptin level (ng/mL) | 31.3 (16.4) | 30.6 (19.0) | 27.5 (16.4) |
| Body composition: | |||
| Body fat mass (% of total mass) | 41.4 (5.5) | 41.1 (7.3) | 40.0 (5.8) |
| Lean body mass (% of total mass)¶ | 56.0 (5.3) | 56.3 (7.0) | 57.3 (5.6) |
| Abnormal fasting blood glucose, No (%)** | 18 (33) | 19 (36) | 16 (28) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 97 (9) | 97 (9) | 99 (11) |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/mL) | 13.9 (6.8) | 15.6 (10.3) | 19.7 (21.1) |
MVPA=moderate to vigorous physical activity.
Determined by self report using fixed categories. White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Black: a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
Quantified based on triaxial counts, representing a composite vector magnitude of three orthogonal planes (vertical, anteroposterior, mediolateral).43 Average accelerometer wear time was mean 14.8 (SD 1.3) hours per day.
Quantified using vertical axis count thresholds of Troiano et al.44
Defined as <100 counts per minute for vertical axis counts.43
Lean body mass does not include bone mineral content.
Fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL.