Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics and Coinfection in Cryptosporidium-Associated Diarrheal Episodes Compared to Non-Cryptosporidium Diarrheal Episodes, Stratified by Age
| Characteristic | <6 mo | 6–11 mo | 12–17 mo | 18–24 mo | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | + | P Value | – | + | P Value | – | + | P Value | – | + | P Value | |
| No. | 2189 | 133 | … | 2228 | 151 | … | 1696 | 146 | … | 1168 | 110 | … |
| Vomiting, % | 16.0 | 21.8 | .10 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 14.2 | 8.2 | .06 | 8.2 | 10.1 | .62 |
| Fever, % | 3.3 | 3.0 | .67 | 6.3 | 7.3 | .35 | 4.7 | 4.8 | .99 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.0 |
| Days of diarrhea (mean) |
5.74 (6.29) | 5.98 (5.28) | .66 | 4.82 | 5.31 | .21 | 4.31 (3.32) | 4.92 (3.38) | .034 | 4.00 (3.41) | 3.73 (2.54) | .41 |
| Dehydration, % | .005 | .22 | .047 | .002 | ||||||||
| None | 91.5 | 83.5 | … | 89.2 | 84.8 | … | 89.5 | 84.2 | … | 90.9 | 90.0 | … |
| Some | 8.3 | 16.5 | … | 10.7 | 15.2 | … | 10.5 | 15.8 | … | 9.1 | 10.0 | … |
| Severe | 0.1 | 0.0 | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | … |
| Moderate-severe diarrhea (GEMS definition), % |
11.9 | 20.3 | .007 | 15.4 | 19.2 | .26 | 14.3 | 17.8 | .98 | 14.6 | 12.7 | .70 |
| Diarrhea >14 days, % | 6.7 | 8.3 | .59 | 3.2 | 4.0 | .80 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Presence of other pathogen, % | ||||||||||||
| Any bacteria | 51.8 | 52.7 | .92 | 69.6 | 69.5 | 1.0 | 71.1 | 71.8 | .93 | 74.7 | 70.5 | .41 |
| Any virus | 25.0 | 28.6 | .42 | 42.0 | 37.1 | .27 | 36.7 | 29.5 | .10 | 30.7 | 23.6 | .15 |
| Adenovirus | 2.5 | 1.5 | .66 | 5.2 | 2.6 | .23 | 4.8 | 1.4 | .09 | 4.8 | 3.6 | .75 |
| Astrovirus | 4.4 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 5.8 | 4.6 | .67 | 7.2 | 4.8 | .36 | 4.8 | 3.6 | .75 |
| Rotavirus | 4.1 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 7.8 | 2.0 | .013 | 6.6 | 3.4 | .19 | 6.2 | 3.6 | .39 |
| Shigella | 0.2 | 0.8 | .41 | 1.2 | 0.7 | .87 | 4.0 | 2.8 | .61 | 7.0 | 5.5 | .71 |
| Campylobacter | 24. | 32.8 | .056 | 44.0 | 46.4 | .64 | 46.7 | 47.9 | .83 | 48.0 | 47.3 | .96 |
| Giardia | 6.7 | 10.5 | .13 | 15.6 | 23.2 | .019 | 24.8 | 23.3 | .77 | 35.6 | 32.7 | .62 |
| EAEC | 25.7 | 22.9 | .54 | 26.9 | 21.2 | .15 | 21.0 | 19.3 | .72 | 17.3 | 23.3 | .16 |
| 0–6 mo | 6–12 mo | 12–18 mo | 18–24 mo | |||||||||
| Negative for all pathogens except Cryptosporidium, No. | 55 | 29 | 22 | 17 | ||||||||
Significant P-values listed in bold.
Abbreviations: –, non-Cryptosporidium diarrheal episode; +, Cryptosporidium-associated diarrheal episode; EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; GEMS, Global Enteric Multicenter Study.