. 2018 Nov 6;9:1598. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01598

Table 2.

Individual phenolics belonging to procyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins subclasses (mg kg⁻¹ DW) in the skin of “Fairtime” peaches, near and far from the M. fructicola inoculation site, exposed to 0 h (UVB-0), 1 h (UVB-1), 3 h (UVB-3), 6 h (UVB-6) and 12 h (UVB-12) of UV-B radiation.

			UVB-0	UVB-1	UVB-3	UVB-6	UVB-12
Near
Procyanidins^a
	Procyanidin dimer	–inf	114 ± 1 e	102 ± 3 e	178 ± 30 cde	293 ± 25 ab	346 ± 5 a
		+inf	109 ± 7 e	153 ± 24 cde	139 ± 30 de	244 ± 9 bc	213 ± 29 bcd
	Procyanidin trimer	–inf	146 ± 6 bcd	153 ± 14 bcd	195 ± 30 ab	102 ± 3 d	157 ± 15 abc
		+inf	174 ± 2 abc	140 ± 14 cd	186 ± 17 abc	205 ± 13 a	138 ± 8 cd
Phenolic Acids^b
	Chlorogenic acid	–inf	731 ± 64 cd	681 ± 12 cd	1040 ± 90 ab	822 ± 58 bcd	1033 ± 43 ab
		+inf	969 ± 22 abc	875 ± 92 abcd	638 ± 38 d	1134 ± 42 a	735 ± 96 cd
	Neochlorogenic acid	–inf	88 ± 8 cd	111 ± 5 abc	118 ± 1 ab	92 ± 11 bcd	101 ± 9 abcd
		+inf	81 ± 5 d	105 ± 5 abcd	114 ± 1 abc	124 ± 3 a	102 ± 2 abcd
Flavonols^c,d,e
	quercetin-3-rutinoside ^c	–inf	47 ± 4 e	58 ± 7 de	120 ± 4 ab	51 ± 5 de	107 ± 2 abc
		+inf	71 ± 3 cde	67 ± 9 cde	146 ± 15 a	120 ± 9 ab	88 ± 15 bcd
	quercetin-3-galactoside ^c	–inf	54 ± 8 c	78 ± 4 bc	212 ± 11 a	143 ± 21 b	89 ± 5 bc
		+inf	144 ± 28 b	110 ± 9 bc	229 ± 20 a	130 ± 10 b	101 ± 3 bc
	quercetin-3-glucoside ^c	–inf	54 ± 7 e	93 ± 8 de	246 ± 16 a	127 ± 11 cde	79 ± 3 e
		+inf	128 ± 24 cde	96 ± 7 de	209 ± 21 ab	194 ± 6 abc	164 ± 32 bcd
	kaempferol-3-rutinoside ^d	–inf	22 ± 2 c	25 ± 1 bc	31 ± 1 abc	24 ± 1 bc	28 ± 1 abc
		+inf	23 ± 3 c	36 ± 1 a	38 ± 5 a	34 ± 1 ab	32 ± 1 abc
	kaempferol-3-galactoside ^d	–inf	3 ± 1 d	5 ± 1 cd	14 ± 1 a	6 ± 1 cd	8 ± 1 bc
		+inf	10 ± 1 b	5 ± 1 cd	8 ± 1 bc	7 ± 1 bcd	7 ± 1 bcd
	isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside ^e	–inf	68 ± 6 c	80 ± 4 bc	80 ± 4 bc	95 ± 2 abc	76 ± 9 c
		+inf	98 ± 16 abc	125 ± 9 a	99 ± 8 abc	120 ± 15 ab	103 ± 3 abc
	isorhamnetin-3-galactoside ^e	–inf	24 ± 1 abc	22 ± 1 c	37 ± 4 ab	27 ± 5 abc	27 ± 2 abc
		+inf	23 ± 3 bc	26 ± 2 abc	30 ± 4 abc	37 ± 1 a	33 ± 3 abc
	isorhamnetin-3-glucoside ^e	–inf	12 ± 2 c	13 ± 1 c	43 ± 9 ab	29 ± 2 bc	27 ± 3 bc
		+inf	06 ± 7 a	16 ± 2 c	29 ± 2 bc	25 ± 1 c	19 ± 2 c
Anthocyanins^f
	cyanidin-3-glucoside	–inf	432 ± 49 d	439 ± 64 d	1108 ± 46 ab	717 ± 16 cd	950 ± 173 bc
		+inf	498 ± 4 d	695 ± 15 cd	996 ± 41 abc	1.331 ± 100 a	992 ± 58 abc
Far
Procyanidins^a
	Procyanidin dimer	–inf	78 ± 2 de	88 ± 5 cde	170 ± 20 abc	144 ± 1 abcd	51 ± 1 e
		+inf	69 ± 6 de	105 ± 41 bcde	211 ± 23 a	182 ± 23 ab	158 ± 15 abcd
	Procyanidin trimer	– inf	144 ± 14 cd	151 ± 13 cd	259 ± 20 a	227 ± 7ab	209 ± 16 ab
		+inf	132 ± 6 cd	229 ± 2 ab	224 ± 8 ab	181 ± 10 bcd	187 ± 8 bc
Phenolic Acids^b
	Chlorogenic acid	–inf	721 ± 45 c	597 ± 4 c	1320 ± 42 a	1304 ± 49 a	1154 ± 168 ab
		+inf	734 ± 17 c	1269 ± 150 a	1464 ± 85 a	673 ± 21 c	793 ± 71 bc
	Neochlorogenic acid	–inf	93 ± 4 e	114 ± 12 de	197 ± 12 a	103 ± 3 de	125 ± 4 cd
		+inf	104 ± 3 de	156 ± 4 bc	171 ± 10 ab	132 ± 4 cd	114 ± 1 de
Flavonols^c,d,e
	quercetin-3-rutinoside ^c	–inf	59 ± 10 d	95 ± 3 bcd	192 ± 18 a	124 ± 22 bc	130 ± 9 bc
		+inf	86 ± 13 d	103 ± 12 bcd	119 ± 10 bc	138 ± 1 b	86 ± 1 cd
	quercetin-3-galactoside ^c	–inf	57 ± 7 e	79 ± 5 de	496 ± 13 a	102 ± 3 de	179 ± 15 cd
		+inf	101 ± 11 de	250 ± 27 bc	304 ± 50 b	174 ± 27 cd	156 ± 16 cde
	quercetin-3-glucoside ^c	–inf	64 ± 7 d	94 ± 3 d	600 ± 65 a	78 ± 8 d	170 ± 17 bcd
		+inf	128 ± 13 cd	242 ± 24 bc	274 ± 32 b	170 ± 27 bcd	173 ± 2 bcd
	kaempferol-3-rutinoside ^d	–inf	18 ± 1 d	25 ± 1 cd	55 ± 2 a	34 ± 3 bc	32 ± 1 bc
		+inf	19 ± 3 d	33 ± 2 bc	31 ± 1 bc	31 ± 2 bc	37 ± 2 b
	kaempferol-3-galactoside ^d	–inf	5 ± 1 b	4 ± 1 b	36 ± 4 a	4 ± 1 b	6 ± 1 b
		+inf	7 ± 1 b	7 ± 1 b	9 ± 1 b	08 ± 2 b	8 ± 1 b
	isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside ^e	–inf	67 ± 6 c	92 ± 7 bc	128 ± 7 ab	111 ± 8 bc	107± 5 bc
		+inf	87 ± 18 bc	108 ± 7 bc	108 ± 15 bc	165 ± 21 a	103 ± 2 bc
	isorhamnetin-3-galactoside ^e	–inf	17 ± 1 de	27 ± 2 cd	46 ± 7 a	29 ± 1 cd	32 ± 2 bc
		+inf	13 ± 3 e	36 ± 2 abc	44 ± 2 ab	38 ± 2 abc	33 ± 3 bc
	isorhamnetin-3-glucoside ^e	–inf	18 ± 3 b	16 ± 2 b	92 ± 15 a	18 ± 1 b	36 ± 5 b
		+inf	35 ± 2 b	44 ± 6 b	44 ± 4 b	39 ± 9 b	35 ± 4 b
Anthocyanins^f
	cyanidin-3-glucoside	–inf	672 ± 62 e	1,242 ± 86 bcde	2,302 ± 93 a	871 ± 63 de	1,104 ± 100 cde
		+inf	796 ± 22 de	1,748 ± 178 ab	1,679 ± 263 abc	1,333 ± 168 bcd	1,507 ± 138 bc

Accuracy and precision of the method were evalutated by calculating the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the standards of quercetin 3-glucoside (LOD = 0.36 μg g⁻¹ DW; LOQ = 1.07 μg g⁻¹ DW), kaempferol 3-glucoside (LOD = 0.29 μg g⁻¹ DW; LOQ = 0.87 μg g⁻¹ DW) and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside (LOD = 0.40 μg g⁻¹1 DW; LOQ = 1.20 μg g⁻¹1). LODs were not necessary for catechin, chlorogenic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside, being highly concentrated within peach skin. Reproducibility of the method was assessed by setting the relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5% and 25% for main and minor peaks, respectively. Accuracy was below 2% for all compounds detected.

Mean value (n = 3) ± standard error. For each metabolite values followed by different letters are significantly different according to one-way ANOVA (P ≤ 05) followed by Tukey's test.

Procyanidins quantified as catechin.

Hydroxycinnamic acids quantified as chlorogenic acid.

Flavonols quantified as quercetin-3-glucoside.

Kaempferol-3-glucoside.

Isorhamnetin-3-glucoside.

Anthocyanins quantified as cyanidin-3-glucoside.