Table 3. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of the Risk for BP by Each DPP-4 Inhibitor Agent and Metformin.
| DPP-4 Exposure Agent | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | Univariate P Value | OR (95% CI) | Multivariate P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP (n = 82) |
Controls (n = 328) |
Male-Specific | Female-Specific | Adjusteda | ||||
| Overall | 36 (43.9) | 71 (21.6) | 2.83 (1.70-4.71 | <.001 | 4.46 (2.11-9.40) | 1.88 (0.92-3.86) | 3.16 (1.86-5.37) | <.001 |
| Vildagliptin | 24 (29.3) | 14 (4.3) | 9.28 (4.53-18.99) | <.001 | 21.38 (7.12-64.21) | 4.12 (1.49-11.42) | 10.67 (5.09-22.36) | <.001 |
| Linagliptin | 9 (11.0) | 6 (1.8) | 6.62 (2.28-19.17) | <.001 | 5.84 (1.25-27.33) | 7.39 (1.70-32.25) | 6.65 (2.24-19.72) | <.001 |
| Sitagliptin | 6b (7.3) | 51 (15.5) | 0.42 (0.17-1.01) | .047 | 0.42 (0.12-1.45) | 0.42 (0.12-1.47) | 0.43 (0.18-1.05) | .07 |
| Metformin | 51 (62.2) | 218 (66.5) | 0.83 (0.50-1.37) | .47 | 1.06 (0.51-2.21) | 0.67 (0.34-1.33) | 0.83 (0.51-1.38) | .47 |
Abbreviations: BP, bullous pemphigoid; DPP-4 inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors; OR odds ratio.
a
Adjusted for neurological diseases and metformin intake.
b
Three of these patients were treated with 2 agents.