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. 2018 Sep 4;178(10):1333–1341. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3766

Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample.

Variable GBT (n = 232) Control (n = 231) Statistic P Value
Age, y
Mean (SD) 64 (7) 65 (8) t = 1.60 .11
Median (range) 62 (55-91) 63 (55-87)
Race/ethnicity, No. (%)
White 115 (49.6) 121 (52.4) χ2 = 3.55 .73
African American 113 (48.7) 101 (43.7)
Hispanic 2 (0.9) 3 (1.3)
Asian/Pacific Islander 2 (0.9) 4 (1.7)
Native American 0 1 (0.4)
No response or unknown 0 1 (0.4)
Education, No. (%)
<High school graduate 6 (2.6) 5 (2.2) χ2 = 2.26 .81
High school diploma/GED 25 (10.8) 29 (12.6)
Some college 80 (34.5) 71 (30.7)
Bachelor degree 57 (24.6) 68 (29.4)
Graduate degree 64 (27.6) 58 (25.1)
Employment, No. (%)
Full-time 76 (32.8) 62 (26.8) χ2 = 2.62 .62
Part-time 26 (11.2) 23 (10.0)
Unemployed 17 (7.3) 18 (7.8)
Retired 100 (43.1) 112 (48.5)
Disabled 13 (5.6) 16 (6.9)
Annual household income, $, No. (%)
<10 000-25 000 47 (20.3) 52 (22.5) χ2 = 4.21 .52
25 001-50 000 60 (25.9) 68 (29.4)
50 001-100 000 71 (30.6) 57 (24.7)
>100 000 37 (15.9) 30 (13.0)
No response or unknown 17 (7.3) 24 (10.4)
Living with partner or spouse, No. (%) 106 (45.7) 97 (42.0) χ2 = 0.64 .42
Medical history, No. (%)
BMI ≥30 128 (55.2) 112 (48.5) χ2 = 2.07 .15
Previous hysterectomy 76 (32.8) 57 (24.7) χ2 = 3.69 .06
Ever pregnant 209 (90.1) 200 (86.6) χ2 = 1.38 .24
Cigarette smoking 27 (11.6) 20 (8.7) χ2 = 1.16 .28
Arthritis 135 (58.2) 145 (62.8) χ2 = 0.91 .34
Diabetes 45 (19.4) 36 (15.6) χ2 = 1.21 .27

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); GBT, group-administered behavioral treatment; GED, general equivalency diploma.