Table 2. Comparison of Age-Standardized Prevalence of Hypertension in India Among 1 387 680 Adults Aged 18 Years and Older.
| Variable | Prevalence (95% CI)a | Relative Increase in Prevalence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| JNC7 Guidelinesb | ACC/AHA Guidelinesc | ||
| Age, y | |||
| 18-25 | 12.51 (12.17-12.86) | 40.19 (39.60-40.78) | 221.26 |
| 26-35 | 17.18 (16.84-17.52) | 48.95 (48.43-49.46) | 184.92 |
| 36-45 | 24.97 (24.58-25.36) | 58.17 (57.68-58.66) | 132.96 |
| 46-55 | 32.96 (32.52-33.40) | 64.19 (63.70-64.69) | 94.75 |
| 56-65 | 39.82 (39.30-40.34) | 67.56 (67.03-68.08) | 69.66 |
| >65 | 45.22 (44.60-45.83) | 69.32 (68.73-69.91) | 53.30 |
| Educational attainment | |||
| <Primary school | 22.77 (22.39-23.16) | 52.07 (51.51-52.63) | 128.68 |
| Primary school | 20.87 (20.45-21.30) | 51.32 (50.71-51.93) | 145.90 |
| Middle school | 20.19 (19.79-20.59) | 51.02 (50.45-51.58) | 152.70 |
| Secondary school | 21.96 (21.59-22.33) | 53.15 (52.66-53.65) | 142.03 |
| High school | 20.05 (19.59-20.52) | 51.27 (50.67-51.88) | 155.71 |
| >High school | 23.42 (22.82-24.04) | 56.42 (55.77-57.06) | 140.91 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 24.15 (23.78-24.52) | 58.26 (57.77-58.76) | 141.24 |
| Female | 19.67 (19.39-19.96) | 47.19 (46.76-47.63) | 139.91 |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 20.43 (20.05-20.80) | 50.34 (49.77-50.91) | 146.40 |
| Urban | 24.69 (24.24-25.15) | 56.78 (56.22-57.34) | 129.97 |
| Household wealth quintiled | |||
| 1 | 18.24 (17.68-18.82) | 47.52 (46.64-48.40) | 160.53 |
| 2 | 19.27 (18.87-19.68) | 49.10 (48.48-49.72) | 154.80 |
| 3 | 21.60 (21.24-21.97) | 51.91 (51.40-52.42) | 140.32 |
| 4 | 25.00 (24.67-25.33) | 56.48 (56.08-56.88) | 125.92 |
| 5 | 27.61 (27.13-28.10) | 60.56 (60.08-61.03) | 119.34 |
| Regione | |||
| Central | 19.30 (18.47-20.16) | 51.91 (50.69-53.14) | 168.96 |
| East | 19.70 (19.16-20.25) | 47.69 (46.79-48.59) | 142.08 |
| North | 24.73 (24.04-25.42) | 56.81 (55.85-57.76) | 129.72 |
| Northeast | 19.54 (18.55-20.56) | 50.39 (49.06-51.72) | 157.88 |
| South | 24.16 (23.82-24.49) | 53.82 (53.44-54.21) | 122.76 |
| West | 24.71 (24.13-25.31) | 55.99 (55.39-56.59) | 126.59 |
Abbreviations: ACC/AHA, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; JNC7, Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
The prevalence was weighted to the Global Burden of Disease 2013 population structure for India.
JNC7 guidelines for blood pressure (BP) threshold: systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.
ACC/AHA guidelines for BP threshold: systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg.
Calculated using a principal component analysis (PCA) of data on household ownership of 12 assets (radio, TV, computer, phone, fridge, bike, scooter, car, washing machine, sewing machine, house, and land) and 5 key housing characteristics (water supply, type of toilet and whether it is shared, cooking fuel, housing material, and source of lighting). The first component in the PCA was extracted separately for urban and rural areas, and this variable was divided into quintiles (separately for rural and urban areas) on the basis of distribution in the national data set.
Central region included Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh; East region, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal; North region, Chandigarh, NCT of Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Rajasthan; Northeast region, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura; South region, Andaman and Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana; West region, Daman and Diu, Goa, and Maharashtra.