Table 3. Change in Primary and Secondary Outcomes From Baseline and Between-Group Differences.
| Time of Observation, mo | Intervention | Control | Difference | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Estimate (95% CI) | No. | Estimate (95% CI) | No. | Estimate (95% CI) | Time Specific | Overall | |
| Pain-related interference | .21 | |||||||
| 3 | 89 | −2.70 (−3.83 to −1.57)a | 96 | −1.91 (−3.02 to −0.81)a | 185 | −0.79 (−2.37 to 0.80) | .33 | |
| 6 | 99 | −3.22 (−4.31 to −2.13)a | 97 | −1.85 (−2.96 to −0.75)b | 196 | −1.36 (−2.91 to 0.19) | .09 | |
| 12 | 84 | −2.67 (−3.82 to −1.52)a | 86 | −2.83 (−3.98 to −1.68)a | 170 | 0.16 (−1.47 to 1.79) | .85 | |
| Pain intensity | .06 | |||||||
| 3 | 89 | −1.60 (−2.67 to −0.54)b | 96 | −1.92 (−2.96 to −0.87)a | 185 | 0.31 (−1.18 to 1.81) | .68 | |
| 6 | 99 | −2.86 (−3.89 to −1.83)a | 97 | −1.46 (−2.50 to −0.41)b | 196 | −1.41 (−2.87 to 0.06) | .06 | |
| 12 | 84 | −3.00 (−4.08 to −1.91)a | 86 | −1.76 (−2.85 to −0.67)b | 170 | −1.24 (−2.77 to 0.30) | .12 | |
| Overall physical health | .86 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | 0.73 (−0.21 to 1.67) | 96 | 0.44 (−0.48 to 1.35) | 184 | 0.30 (−1.01 to 1.61) | .66 | |
| 6 | 99 | 0.13 (−0.77 to 1.03) | 97 | 0.30 (−0.61 to 1.21) | 196 | −0.17 (−1.45 to 1.12) | .80 | |
| 12 | 84 | 0.16 (−0.79 to 1.12) | 86 | 0.42 (−0.53 to 1.37) | 170 | −0.26 (−1.61 to 1.09) | .71 | |
| Overall mental health | .35 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | −0.35 (−1.71 to 1.00) | 96 | 0.30 (−1.02 to 1.63) | 184 | −0.66 (−2.55 to 1.24) | .50 | |
| 6 | 99 | 0.21 (−1.09 to 1.52) | 97 | −0.72 (−2.04 to 0.60) | 196 | 0.93 (−0.92 to 2.79) | .33 | |
| 12 | 84 | 0.36 (−1.01 to 1.74) | 86 | −0.39 (−1.76 to 0.98) | 170 | 0.76 (−1.19 to 2.70) | .45 | |
| Analgesic adherence (overuse) | .70 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | 1.40 (−1.18 to 3.98) | 94 | 0.35 (−2.15 to 2.85) | 182 | 1.05 (−2.54 to 4.64) | .57 | |
| 6 | 94 | 1.77 (−0.75 to 4.30) | 92 | −0.13 (−2.64 to 2.39) | 186 | 1.90 (−1.66 to 5.47) | .30 | |
| 12 | 83 | 1.61 (−1.02 to 4.24) | 84 | 1.53 (−1.06 to 4.12) | 167 | 0.08 (−3.61 to 3.77) | .96 | |
| Analgesic adherence (underuse) | .20 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | 2.53 (−2.46 to 7.52) | 94 | −1.71 (−6.56 to 3.15) | 182 | 4.24 (−2.73 to 11.20) | .23 | |
| 6 | 95 | 1.88 (−3.00 to 6.76) | 93 | −2.76 (−7.63 to 2.11) | 188 | 4.64 (−2.25 to 11.54) | .19 | |
| 12 | 83 | −3.53 (−8.62 to 1.56) | 84 | −1.62 (−6.66 to 3.42) | 167 | −1.91 (−9.07 to 5.26) | .60 | |
| Trust in clinician | .66 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | −2.49 (−5.44 to 0.46)c | 96 | −4.25 (−7.13 to −1.36)b | 184 | 1.76 (−2.37 to 5.89) | .40 | |
| 6 | 99 | −2.30 (−5.14 to 0.54) | 96 | −4.84 (−7.73 to −1.96)c | 195 | 2.55 (−1.50 to 6.60) | .22 | |
| 12 | 84 | −4.00 (−7.00 to −0.99)b | 86 | −5.53 (−8.52 to −2.54)a | 170 | 1.53 (−2.70 to 5.77) | .48 | |
| Satisfaction with pain information | .44 | |||||||
| 3 | 89 | 4.41 (−3.18 to 12.00) | 96 | −3.36 (−10.84 to 4.11) | 185 | 7.77 (−2.87 to 18.42) | .15 | |
| 6 | 99 | 11.28 (3.95 to 18.61)b | 96 | 3.99 (−3.47 to 11.45) | 195 | 7.29 (−3.16 to 17.75) | .17 | |
| 12 | 84 | 9.02 (1.28 to 16.76)d | 86 | 4.89 (−2.84 to 12.63) | 170 | 4.13 (−6.81 to 15.07) | .46 | |
| Satisfaction with medical care | .58 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | −4.00 (−7.56 to −0.44)d | 95 | −6.15 (−9.64 to −2.66)a | 183 | 2.15 (−2.84 to 7.13) | .40 | |
| 6 | 99 | −2.26 (−5.68 to 1.17) | 96 | −5.57 (−9.04 to −2.09)b | 195 | 3.31 (−1.57 to 8.19) | .18 | |
| 12 | 84 | −4.52 (−8.13 to −0.90)d | 86 | −5.51 (−9.12 to −1.91)b | 170 | 1.00 (−4.11 to 6.11) | .70 | |
| Satisfaction with pain medication | .73 | |||||||
| 3 | 88 | 1.46 (−2.93 to 5.86) | 92 | −0.34 (−4.73 to 4.05) | 180 | 1.81 (−4.41 to 8.02 | .57 | |
| 6 | 97 | −0.18 (−4.44 to 4.08) | 93 | 1.39 (−2.99 to 5.77) | 190 | −1.57 (−7.68 to 4.54) | .62 | |
| 12 | 83 | 0.77 (−3.72 to 5.25) | 84 | −0.34 (−4.87 to 4.19) | 167 | 1.11 (−5.27 to 7.48) | .73 | |
a
P < .001.
b
P < .01.
c
.05 < P < .10.
d
P < .05.