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. 2018 Aug 20;172(10):924–933. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2022

Table 1. Sample Characteristics and Societal Discrimination Concern Composite Scores by Sociodemographic Groupa.

Baseline Variable Responseb Baselinec Changed
Composite Score, Mean (SD) P Valuee Composite Score, Mean (SD) P Valuee
Sex, No. (%)
Female 1400/2572 (54.4) 1.82 (1.20) <.001 0.11 (1.27) .05
Male 1172/2572 (45.6) 1.24 (1.14) 0.01 (1.24)
Age, y, No. (%)
16 1063/2518 (42.2) 1.57 (1.19) .17 0.11 (1.25) .16
17 1388/2518 (55.1) 1.56 (1.20) 0.03 (1.27)
18 67/2518 (2.7) 1.38 (1.37) 0.27 (1.29)
Race/ethnicity, No. (%)
Hispanic 1198/2530 (47.4) 1.53 (1.21) .01 0.14 (1.28) .001
Asian 482/2530 (19.0) 1.72 (1.15) −0.09 (1.16)
African American 104/2530 (4.1) 1.54 (1.24) 0.34 (1.04)
White 419/2530 (16.6) 1.42 (0.06) 0.11 (1.07)
Multiracial 155/2530 (6.1) 1.66 (1.23) −0.14 (1.17)
Otherf 172/2530 (6.8) 1.56 (1.21) 0.03 (1.25)
Highest parental educational level, No. (%)g
8th Grade or less 80/2244 (3.6) 1.72 (1.13) .66 0.17 (1.20) .84
Some high school 195/2244 (8.7) 1.67 (1.28) 0.06 (1.34)
High school graduate 348/2244 (15.5) 1.53 (1.21) 0.08 (1.34)
Some college 430/2244 (19.2) 1.56 (1.21) 0.12 (1.30)
College graduate 743/2244 (33.1) 1.54 (1.18) 0.03 (1.22)
Graduate degree 448/2244 (20.0) 1.58 (1.21) 0.12 (1.22)
Everyday Discrimination Scale score, mean (SD)h 8.52 (8.15) NA NA NA NA
Short Acculturation Scale for Youth, mean (SD)h 16.70 (2.89) NA NA NA NA
Born outside United States, No. (%)h
Student 262 (10.5) NA NA NA NA
Mother 1383 (56.3) NA NA NA NA
Father 1417 (58.8) NA NA NA NA

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

a

Calculated as the mean of concern, worry, and stress ratings (0 indicates not at all; 1, slightly; 2, somewhat; 3, very; and 4, extremely).

b

Denominators vary owing to nonmissing data. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.

c

Scores range from 0 to 4.

d

Calculated as change from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Scores range from −4 to 4.

e

Calculated using analysis of variance omnibus test of differences in baseline or change in societal discrimination concern composite index by sociodemographic variable.

f

Includes Native American or Alaskan, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and other races.

g

In addition to 22 students who did not respond to the survey question, 302 who marked “don’t know” are not included in the denominator.

h

Available (nonmissing) data range from 2409 to 2560 students.