Table 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) of Cigarette Sales to Minors.
| Variable | aOR (95% CI)a | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | ||
| First visit vs all others | ||
| First visit | 2.50 (1.46-4.29) | .001 |
| Other visit | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Same minor and same retailer visits | ||
| Same minor checked retailer twice | 2.00 (1.22-3.29) | .006 |
| Different minor checked retailer each time | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Clerk of Asian race/ethnicity | ||
| Asian race/ethnicity as reported by minor | 0.17 (0.05-0.54) | .003 |
| All other races/ethnicities | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Whether the clerk asked for ID | ||
| Clerk did not ask for ID | 130.63 (37.27-457.83) | <.001 |
| Clerk asked for ID | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| ID method | ||
| Compared with age calendar | 3.51 (1.05-11.68) | .04 |
| Looked at briefly | 51.54 (22.04-120.50) | <.001 |
| Looked at carefully | 2.49 (0.95-6.51) | .06 |
| Other | 2.28 (0.69-7.55) | .18 |
| Verified electronically | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Random Effect for 201 Retailers and 1181 Observationsb | Variance (95% CI) | |
| Variance of intercept | 1.85 (0.99-3.46) | <.001c |
Abbreviations: ID, government-issued photo identification; NA, not applicable.
a
Adjusted for tabled covariates.
b
The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.23-0.51).
c
Likelihood ratio test compared with ordinary logistic regression.