Table 2. All-Cause Mortality, All-Cause Readmission, and Composite of Mortality and Readmission Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure.
| Outcome | Cumulative Incidence | Comparison Groups | Unadjusted Analysis | Adjusted Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | P Valuea | HR (95% CI) | P Valueb | HR (95% CI) | P Valueb | ||
| 30 d | |||||||
| All-cause mortality | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 3026 (66.0) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 549 (12.6) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 9.21 (8.32-10.19) | <.001 | 8.63 (7.74-9.62) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 6614 (5.9) | Hospice vs other HF | 20.48 (19.12-21.94) | <.001 | 13.34 (12.33-14.42) | <.001 | |
| All-cause readmission | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 189 (4.1) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 1185 (27.2) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 0.13 (0.11-0.16) | <.001 | 0.15 (0.13-0.18) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 25 022 (22.2) | Hospice vs other HF | 0.17 (0.15-0.20) | <.001 | 0.15 (0.13-0.18) | <.001 | |
| Composite | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 3143 (68.5) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 1498 (34.4) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 3.17 (2.96-3.40) | <.001 | 3.46 (3.21-3.73) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 28 450 (25.2) | Hospice vs other HF | 4.61 (4.35-4.89) | <.001 | 3.90 (3.66-4.15) | <.001 | |
| 6 mo | |||||||
| All-cause mortality | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 3901 (85.0) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 1715 (39.4) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 5.47 (5.06-5.92) | <.001 | 5.15 (4.74-5.59) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 25 035 (22.2) | Hospice vs other HF | 10.97 (10.32-11.67) | <.001 | 7.10 (6.66-7.56) | <.001 | |
| All-cause readmission | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 401 (8.8) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 2498 (57.7) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 0.11 (0.09-0.12) | <.001 | 0.11 (0.10-0.13) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 59 415 (53.0) | Hospice vs other HF | 0.12 (0.11-0.14) | <.001 | 0.11 (0.10-0.13) | <.001 | |
| Composite | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 4062 (88.7) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 3099 (71.6) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 2.33 (2.20-2.47) | <.001 | 2.47 (2.32-2.63) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 66 724 (59.5) | Hospice vs other HF | 3.30 (3.13-3.48) | <.001 | 2.80 (2.65-2.96) | <.001 | |
| 1 y | |||||||
| All-cause mortality | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 4132 (90.1) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 2305 (52.9) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 4.91 (4.55-5.30) | <.001 | 4.60 (4.24-4.98) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 37 977 (33.6) | Hospice vs other HF | 9.20 (8.64-9.80) | <.001 | 6.13 (5.76-6.53) | <.001 | |
| All-cause readmission | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 497 (10.9) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 2948 (68.4) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 0.10 (0.09-0.11) | <.001 | 0.10 (0.09-0.12) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 73 804 (66.1) | Hospice vs other HF | 0.11 (0.10-0.12) | <.001 | 0.10 (0.09-0.11) | <.001 | |
| Composite | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hospice | 4291 (93.8) | Hospice vs hospice | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | |
| Advanced HF | 3606 (83.7) | Hospice vs advanced HF | 2.20 (2.07-2.33) | <.001 | 2.28 (2.13-2.43) | <.001 | |
| Other HF | 82 568 (74.0) | Hospice vs other HF | 3.06 (2.90-3.23) | <.001 | 2.61 (2.47-2.77) | <.001 | |
Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable.
Log-rank P value is shown for mortality and Gray P value is shown for other outcomes.
The first P value has 3 df and tests if hazards of a given outcome is different in at least 1 pair of groups; other P values test whether hazards in given comparison groups are significantly different. The following covariates were used for adjustment in this analysis: demographic characteristics (age, sex, and race/ethnicity), medical history (anemia, ischemic etiology, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, peripheral vascular disease, renal insufficiency, and smoking) examination and laboratory findings (left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, serum creatinine level, serum sodium level, and blood urea nitrogen level), hospital characteristics (geographic region, teaching status, number of beds, and rural location), and other factors (year and quarter of index admission, median home value, median household income, high school education, and college education).