Table 2. Participant Characteristics by Sex and Race.
| Potential Mediating Factor | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 2430) | Black (n = 695) | White (n = 2660) | Black (n = 1112) | |
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 62.9 (8.3) [45 to 88] | 60.9 (8.2) [45 to 83] | 62.9 (8.3) [45 to 88] | 60.6 (8.4) [45 to 87] |
| Education level ≤high school, No. (%) | 467 (19.2) | 257 (37.0) | 683 (25.7) | 373 (33.5) |
| Income ≤$35 000, No./total No. (%) | 460/2234 (20.6) | 245/637 (38.5) | 790/2275 (34.7) | 471/993 (47.4) |
| Body mass indexa | ||||
| Total No. | 2426 | 693 | 2656 | 1106 |
| Mean (SD) | 27.5 (4.2) | 27.9 (5.0) | 26.9 (5.4) | 30.3 (6.2) |
| Waist circumference, cmb | ||||
| Total No. | 2427 | 694 | 2641 | 1105 |
| Mean (SD) | 97.2 (11.4) | 96.0 (13.3) | 85.1 (14.0) | 91.9 (14.4) |
| Heavy alcohol use, No./total No. (%)c | 109/2398 (4.5) | 26/677 (3.8) | 141/2631 (5.4) | 24/1088 (2.2) |
| Does not exercise, No./total No. (%) | 493/2405 (20.5) | 171/687 (24.9) | 757/2621 (28.9) | 369/1100 (33.5) |
| Depression scale (CESD-4) scored | ||||
| Total No. | 2410 | 689 | 2644 | 1097 |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 1.0) | 0 (0 to 1.0) | 0 (0 to 2.0) |
| Perceived Stress Scale score, median (IQR)e | 2.0 (0 to 4.0) | 2.0 (0 to 4.0) | 3.0 (1.0 to 5.0) | 3.0 (1.0 to 6.0) |
| DASH diet scoref | ||||
| Total No. | 2067 | 422 | 2345 | 750 |
| Mean (SD) | 13.4 (4.3) | 14.9 (4.3) | 12.9 (4.3) | 14.5 (4.3) |
| Mediterranean diet scoreg | ||||
| Total No. | 2043 | 411 | 2322 | 735 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.7) | 4.6 (1.7) | 4.5 (1.8) |
| Southern diet scoreh | ||||
| Total No. | 2067 | 422 | 2345 | 750 |
| Mean (SD) | −0.3 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.2) | −0.6 (0.8) | 0.2 (1.0) |
| Ratio of sodium to potassiumi | ||||
| Total No. | 2067 | 422 | 2345 | 750 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.3) |
Abbreviations: CESD-4, 4-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; IQR, interquartile range.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Range from 11.5 to 59.9; higher scores are associated with greater adiposity.
Range from 48.3 to 183.5; higher scores represent larger waist circumference.
Defined according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as ≥7 drinks per week in women or ≥14 drinks per week in men.
Range from 0 to 12; higher scores represent more depressive symptoms.
Range from 0 to 16; higher scores represent more perceived stress.
Original score subtracted from 38; range from 0 to 29; higher scores reflect being less compliant with the diet.
Original score subtracted from 9; range from 0 to 9; higher scores reflect being less compliant with the diet.
Range from −4.5 to 8.2; higher scores reflect being more compliant with the diet.
Range from 0.3 to 2.5; higher scores represent a greater intake of sodium relative to potassium.