TABLE 1.
Demographic and Drug Use Characteristics of Patients Who Received Placebo or Clonidine in Addition to Buprenorphinea
| Variable | Placebo Group (N=57) | Clonidine Group (N=61) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 38.3 | 8.5 | 39.2 | 7.8 |
| Education (years) | 12.0 | 2.0 | 11.9 | 1.3 |
| Employment (days paid for work in the last 30) | 8.6 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 9.1 |
| Heroin or prescription opioid use (years) | 11.1 | 6.5 | 12.9 | 8.4 |
| Heroin or prescription opioid use (days in the last 30) | 24.4 | 7.9 | 25.1 | 8.0 |
| Cocaine use (years) | 3.8 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 6.4 |
| Cocaine use (days in the last 30) | 3.4 | 7.5 | 3.4 | 7.3 |
| Number of past drug treatments | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
| Money spent on drugs ($ per month) | 1,179 | 1,407 | 1,038 | 940 |
| N | % | N | % | |
| Male | 46 | 80.7 | 46 | 75.4 |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 31 | 54.4 | 40 | 65.6 |
| White | 25 | 43.9 | 19 | 31.1 |
| Other | 1 | 1.8 | 2 | 3.3 |
| Major substance use problem | ||||
| Heroin use | 41 | 71.9 | 46 | 75.4 |
| Polysubstance use | 9 | 15.8 | 11 | 18.0 |
| Prescription opioid use | 7 | 12.3 | 4 | 6.6 |
| Heroin or prescription opioid route | ||||
| Inhalation | 32 | 56.1 | 39 | 63.9 |
| Intravenous injection | 19 | 33.3 | 16 | 29.7 |
| Oral | 4 | 7.0 | 4 | 6.6 |
| Smoked | 2 | 3.5 | 2 | 3.3 |
| Cocaine route | ||||
| Smoked | 18 | 51.4 | 22 | 61.1 |
| Inhalation | 8 | 22.9 | 8 | 22.2 |
| Intravenous injection | 9 | 25.7 | 6 | 16.7 |
a
No significant differences between treatment groups on any measure.