. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abus Alcohol. 2018 Oct 16;6(3):1081.

Table 2:

Adjusted Odds ratios for risk and protective factors by Gambling category.

Independent Variable	Lottery games	Casino-type games	Other games
	AOR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
Physical Discipline	1.2 (1.10–1.30)^***	1.11 (1.02–1.20)^***	1.25 (1.15–1.36)^***
Childhood Neglect^c	1.27 (1.16–1.37)^***	1.13 (1.05–1.23)^***
African American			1.36 (1.16–1.59)^***
European American			1.07 (0.98–1.16)
Religious Attendance > =1 per week	0.96 (0.89–1.04)	0.97 (0.91–1.03)	1 (0.91–1.09)
Current Cigarette Use^c		1.13 (1.03–1.22)^***	1.27 (1.17–1.38)^***
European American	1.47 (1.33–1.61)^***
African American	1.15 (0.95–1.39)
Current Alcohol Use	1.56 (1.43–1.70)^***	1.73 (1.59–1.86)^***	1.93 (1.78–2.09)^***
Current Cannabis Use^c			1.33 (1.21–1.46)^***
African American	1.64 (1.38–1.98)^***	2.31 (1.91,2.79)^***	2.17 (1.78–2.65)^***
European American	1.12 (1.00–1.25)^*	1.33 (1.20–1.48)^***	1.38 (1.24–1.53)^***
Delinquency/Conduct Problems, >= 3	0.94 (0.82–1.09)	1.04 (0.91–1.20)	1.1 (0.96–1.26)
Delinquency/Conduct Problems, 1–2	0.93 (0.85–1.02)	1.01 (0.93,1.10)	0.96 (0.89–1.05)
Depression^d	0.89 (0.79–1.00)	0.96 (0.85–1.07)
Female			0.52 (0.46–0.61)^***
Male			0.77 (0.63–0.94)^**
Female Gender^a			0.52 (0.48–0.56)^***
Low Income	0.93 (0.87–1.01)	0.92 (0.85–0.99)^*	0.95 (0.88–1.03)
High Income	0.99 (0.87–1.12)	0.93 (0.83–1.05)	1.02 (0.90–1.15)
Gender (Female)^a	0.95 (0.87–1.02)	0.76 (0.70–0.82)^***	0.56 (0.52–0.61)^***
African American^b	0.44 (0.39–0.48)^***	0.51 (0.45–1.54)^***	0.59 (0.52–0.66)^***
Age	1.16 (1.14–1.19)^***	1.29 (1.26–1.31)^***	1.09 (1.08–1.11)^***

p = .05;

p < .05;

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001.

males used as reference group.

European American used as reference group.

Significant interaction with race d=significant interaction with gender. (p <= .05) bolded.

AOR=Adjusted Odds Ratio