Table 3.
Frequencies of different levels of depression among different forms of medications, types of oral drugs used, and insulin therapy duration
| Depression level | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondepressed | Borderline clinical depression | Moderate depression | Severe depression | Extreme depression | P-valuea | |
| Form of medication | ||||||
| Pills | 229 (73.6%) | 23 (63.9%) | 38 (64.4%) | 16 (64%) | 3 (60%) | 0.485 |
| Injections | 15 (4.8%) | 4 (11.1%) | 6 (10.2%) | 4 (16%) | 1 (20%) | |
| Pills and injections | 63 (20.3%) | 8 (22.2%) | 13 (22%) | 5 (20%) | 1 (20%) | |
| None | 4 (1.3%) | 1 (2.8%) | 2 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Total | 311 | 36 | 59 | 25 | 5 | |
| Type of pills | ||||||
| Metformin | 242 (72.8%) | 26 (7.8%) | 42 (12.6%) | 19 (5.7%) | 3 (0.9%) | 0.681 |
| Sulfonylurea | 95 (70%) | 15 (11%) | 15 (11%) | 11 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.136 |
| DPP4 inhibitors | 47 (73.4%) | 4 (6.3%) | 8 (12.5%) | 2 (3.2%) | 3 (4.6%) | 0.837 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 4 (44.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0.317 |
| GLP1 agonists | 4 (57.1%) | 1 (14.2%) | 2 (28.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.7 |
| Insulin therapy duration | ||||||
| <1 year | 9 (11.5%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.109 |
| 1–5 years | 28 (35.9%) | 3 (25%) | 7 (36.8%) | 3 (33.3%) | 2 (100%) | |
| >5 years | 41 (52.6%) | 7 (58.3%) | 12 (63.2%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Yes | 254 (81.7%) | 26 (72.2%) | 37 (62.7%) | 17 (68%) | 3 (60%) | 0.011 |
| No | 57 (18.3%) | 10 (27.8%) | 22 (37.3%) | 8 (32%) | 2 (40%) | |
Note:
a
Comparative studies were performed using the chi-squared test.
Abbreviations: DDPPIV, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1; SGLT 2, sodium glucose cotransporter 2.