Table 4.
Relation between diabetes complications and depression
| Depression levels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic complications | Nondepressed | Borderline clinical depression | Moderate depression | Severe depression | Extreme depression | P-value |
| Nephropathy | ||||||
| Yes | 19 (6.1%) | 3 (8.3%) | 10 (16.9%) | 4 (16%) | 1 (20%) | 0.035 |
| No | 292 (93.9%) | 33 (91.7%) | 49 (83.1%) | 21 (84%) | 4 (80%) | |
| Retinopathy | ||||||
| Yes | 121 (38.9%) | 17 (47.2%) | 33 (55.9%) | 14 (56%) | 5 (100%) | 0.005 |
| No | 190 (61.1%) | 19 (52.8%) | 26 (44.1%) | 11 (44%) | 0 | |
| Cerebrovascular accidents | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (1.6%) | 2 (5.6%) | 4 (6.8%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (20%) | 0.017 |
| No | 306 (98.4%) | 34 (94.4%) | 55 (93.2%) | 23 (92%) | 4 (80%) | |
| Neuropathy | ||||||
| Yes | 133 (42.8%) | 15 (41.7%) | 35 (56%) | 14 (56%) | 2 (40%) | 0.143 |
| No | 178 (57.2%) | 21 (58.3%) | 24 (40.7%) | 11 (44%) | 3 (60%) | |
| Cardiovascular conditions | ||||||
| Yes | 30 (9.6%) | 6 (16.7%) | 5 (8.5%) | 5 (20%) | 0 | 0.296 |
| No | 281 (90.4%) | 30 (83.3%) | 54 (91.5%) | 20 (80%) | 5 (100%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||
| Yes | 22 (7.1%) | 3 (8.3%) | 4 (6.8%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 0.934 |
| No | 289 (92.9%) | 33 (91.7%) | 55 (93.2%) | 24 (96%) | 5 (100%) | |
| Skin conditions | ||||||
| Yes | 31 (10%) | 2 (5.6%) | 4 (6.8%) | 6 (24%) | 1 (20%) | 0.116 |
| No | 280 (90%) | 34 (94.4%) | 55 (93.2%) | 19 (76%) | 4 (80%) | |
| Gangrene | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.937 |
| No | 309 (99.4%) | 36 (100%) | 59 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 5 (100%) | |
| Hypoglycemic symptoms | ||||||
| <1/week | 71 (74.7%) | 12 (85.7%) | 19 (67.9%) | 6 (60%) | 0 | 0.012 |
| 1–3/week | 17 (17.9%) | 2 (14.3%) | 7 (25%) | 1 (10%) | 1 (50%) | |
| >3/week | 7 (7.4%) | 0 | 2 (7.1%) | 3 (30%) | 1 (50%) | |