Table 1.

Description of mindfulness-based interventions and psychotherapies included in this review

Mindfulness intervention	Course description
Mindfulness-based stress reduction	A standardized mindfulness program that involves cultivation of non-judgmental attention and awareness and develops a sense of compassion for self and others. Program consists of 7 weekly 2.5-h group classes, full day silent retreat, and encouragement of daily home practice. Both formal and informal relaxation techniques are employed included gentle yoga, body scan, mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, recognition of pleasant and unpleasant experience, attention to bodily symptoms, and interpersonal communication. MBSR was developed at the University of Massachusetts and is now offered through many university hospital and community-based practices.
Mindful awareness and acceptance therapy	Targets affective disturbances through attention to regulation of negative emotional responses to stress and encouragement of positive affective engagement in daily life [19]. The program consists of 8 weekly sessions, like MBSR, but lacking the yoga component and full day retreat.
Vitality training program	Addresses the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and somatic experiences in 10, 4.5-h group sessions over 15 weeks. Each session addresses a specific topic related to living with chronic disease including personal resources, values, anger, joy, sorrow, and interacting with others. Creative exercises including writing, music, poetry, and drawing are employed to enhance the learning process.
Internal family systems	Teaches patients to attend to and interact with internal experiences mindfully. Mindfulness aspects include noticing and non-judgmental awareness. Program is a combination of biweekly then monthly group meetings over 36 weeks and 15 biweekly individual sessions designed to reinforce concepts and new habits.