. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 15.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer. 2018 Aug 20;124(20):4090–4097. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31560

Table 4.

Mediation by SES of ethnic (Hispanic versus white) survival disparities among childhood cancer cases, ages 0 to 19 years, SEER 18 registries, 2000-2011 diagnoses

	Total Effect of ethnicity on survival through all mediating pathways			Direct Effect of ethnicity on survival after blocking the SES pathway			Indirect Effect of ethnicity on survival operating through the SES pathway			Percent Reduction from total to direct effect
Cancer Type	Mortality HR^a	95% CI	P	Mortality HR^a	95% CI	P	Mortality HR^a	95% CI	P	%^b
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1.63	1.43, 1.86	<0.001	1.40	1.21, 1.63	<0.001	1.16	1.08, 1.26	<0.001	31
Acute Myeloid Leukemia	1.19	0.99, 1.43	0.071	1.05	0.85, 1.29	0.66	1.13	1.03, 1.25	0.011	73
Neuroblastoma	1.31	1.04, 1.65	0.021	1.15	0.89, 1.49	0.27	1.14	1.03, 1.26	0.011	48
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	1.65	1.29, 2.12	<0.001	1.44	1.08, 1.92	0.013	1.15	1.01, 1.31	0.04	28
Astrocytoma	1.34	1.10, 1.64	<0.01	1.26	1.01, 1.56	0.041	1.07	0.98, 1.16	0.12	23
Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas	1.22	0.96, 1.55	0.10	1.13	0.87, 1.46	0.38	1.08	0.95, 1.24	0.25	41
Wilms Tumor	1.60	1.04, 2.45	0.032	1.57	0.95, 2.52	0.061	1.02	0.83, 1.24	0.883	3
Germ Cell Tumor	1.63	1.19, 2.24	<0.01	1.70	1.19, 2.42	<0.01	0.96	0.81, 1.15	0.685	-8

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SES, socioeconomic status

Adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, and stage at diagnosis (stage not applicable for leukemias)

Percent reduction from the total to the direct effect ((βtotal − βdirect)/βtotal)