Tissue recombinants composed of neonatal mouse vaginal mesenchyme plus 13-week human fetal uterine tube epithelium (mVgM+hTubE) grown for 4 weeks in DES-treated hosts and immune stained for various vaginal epithelial markers as indicated. Human uterine tube (A, D, G, J) and vagina (B, E, H, K) at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation serve as controls. Note induction of KRT6, TP63 and RUNX1 and down regulation of AR in epithelium of the mVgM+hTubE recombinants, indicative of an effect of mouse vaginal mesenchyme on expression of differentiation markers in human tubal epithelium. (+) and (−) indicate epithelial marker expression. From Cunha et al (2018) with permission.