TABLE 5.
Testosterone responses to striking combat sports competitions relative to different moderator variables.
| Independent variables | ES | Variance | 95% CI | p | I2 (%) | df | Q value and (p) between groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of sport karate taekwondo kickboxing |
0.76 -0.58 0.86 |
0.05 0.42 0.13 |
0.33 to 1.18 -1.85 to 0.68 0.15 to 1.56 |
< 0.001 0.366 0.017 |
17.55 70.14 0.00 |
3 1 0 |
4.20 (0.122) |
| Age of athletes ≤17 >17 |
-0.58 0.76 |
0.42 0.03 |
-1.85 to 0.68 0.43 to 1.09 |
0.366 < 0.001 |
70.14 0.00 |
1 4 |
4.05 (0.044) |
| Gender male female |
0.36 0.00 |
0.16 0.17 |
-0.43 to 1.15 -0.80 to 0.80 |
0.373 1.000 |
77.90 0.00 |
3 0 |
0.30 (0.533) |
| Competitive level amateur trained |
0.70 0.34 |
0.13 0.15 |
-0.01 to 1.41 -0.42 to 1.11 |
0.054 0.382 |
60.14 71.53 |
1 4 |
0.45 (0.505) |
| Circadian rhythm morning evening |
0.19 0.73 |
0.25 0.05 |
-0.79 to 1.16 0.29 to 1.17 |
0.707 0.001 |
74.47 27.05 |
3 2 |
0.98 (0.322) |
| Nature of competition contests simulation official |
0.40 0.86 |
0.10 0.13 |
-0.22 to 1.01 0.15 to 1.56 |
0.205 0.017 |
68.99 0.00 |
5 0 |
0.94 (0.333) |