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PDGF-BB enhanced BMSC osteogenic differentiation via ERK1/2 signaling pathways. (a) mRNA expression levels of Col-I, OPN, and OCN on days 3 and 7. (b) Protein expression levels of p-ERK, ERK, Col-I, OPN, and OCN on days 3 and 7. (c) ALP staining and semiquantitative analysis of ALP activity. (d) ARS staining and semiquantitative analysis of ARS staining. ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ARS: alizarin red S. Scale bar: 100 μm; ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01.
