Table 3. The number of carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria among asylum seekers and refugees admitted to Helsinki University Hospital, by geographical region of origina, Finland, January 2010-August 2017 (n = 447 patients).
| Patient attributes | Europe n = 26 |
North Africa and Middle-East n = 268 |
Sub-Saharan Africa n = 86 |
Asia n = 57 |
Other or unknown n = 10 |
Total n = 447b |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Any MDR bacteria | 4 | 15.4 | 150 | 56.0 | 21 | 24.4 | 22 | 38.6 | 4 | 40.0 | 201 | 45.0 |
| MRSA | 2 | 7.7 | 75 | 28.0 | 11 | 12.8 | 5 | 8.8 | 2 | 20.0 | 95 | 21.3 |
| ESBL-PE | 3 | 11.5 | 111 | 41.4 | 13 | 15.1 | 18 | 31.6 | 2 | 20.0 | 147 | 32.9 |
| VRE | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| MRAB | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.4 |
| MRPA | 1 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.4 |
| CPE | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.7 |
| Multiple MDR bacteria ≥ 2 classes or strains of MDR bacteria |
2 | 7.7 | 48 | 17.9 | 5 | 5.8 | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 56 | 12.5 |
| Clinical infection with MDR bacteria | 0 | 0.0 | 8 | 3.0 | 1 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 10 | 2.2 |
| Proportion of MDR bacteria carriers with clinical MDR bacterial infection (%) | 0 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 0 | 5.0 | ||||||
CPE: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; ESBL-PE: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; MDR: multidrug-resistant; MRAB: multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii; MRPA: multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; MRSA: meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VRE: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.
aPatients’ countries of origin in the various geographical regions:
Europe: Albania, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo*, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine;
North Africa and Middle East: Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Turkey, Yemen;
Sub-Saharan Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia;
Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka;
Other or unknown: Mexico, unknown.
bSome patients had two or more different ESBL-PE, CPE or MRSA strains.
*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99 and the International Court of Justice Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence.