Table 4. The number of carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria among asylum seekers and refugees admitted to Helsinki University Hospital, as presented by five most common countries of origina, Finland, January 2010–August 2017 (n = 447 patients).
| Patient attributes | Iraq n = 208 |
Afghanistan n = 46 |
Syria n = 43 |
Somalia n = 31 |
Nigeria n = 16 |
Other or unknown n = 103 |
Total n = 447b |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
| Any MDR bacteria (%) | 119 | 57.2 | 16 | 34.8 | 24 | 55.8 | 8 | 25.8 | 2 | 12.5 | 32 | 31.1 | 201 | 45.0 | |||
| MRSA | 65 | 31.3 | 5 | 10.9 | 9 | 20.9 | 4 | 12.9 | 1 | 6.3 | 11 | 10.7 | 95 | 21.3 | |||
| ESBL-PE | 84 | 40.4 | 12 | 26.1 | 21 | 48.8 | 6 | 19.4 | 1 | 6.3 | 23 | 22.3 | 147 | 32.9 | |||
| VRE | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |||
| MRAB | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.4 | |||
| MRPA | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.4 | |||
| CPE | 2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.7 | |||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
| Multiple MDR bacteria ≥ 2 classes or strains of MDR bacteria |
41 | 19.7 | 1 | 2.2 | 7 | 16.3 | 3 | 9.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 3.9 | 56 | 12.5 | |||
| Clinical infection with MDR bacteria | 5 | 2.4 | 1 | 2.2 | 3 | 7.0 | 1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 10 | 2.2 | |||
| Proportion of MDR bacteria carriers with clinical MDR bacterial infection (%) | 4.2 | 6.3 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | 5.0 | ||||||||||
| The most common MRSA spa-typesc | spa-type | n | spa-type | n | spa-type | n | spa-type | n | spa-type | n | spa-type | n | spa-type | n | |||
| t304 t386 t223 t044 t690 t991 |
17 8 6 4 3 3 |
t021 t223 t363 t790 t6238 |
1 1 1 1 1 |
t127 t852 t037 t267 t346 |
2 2 1 1 1 |
t127 t1784 t8154 |
1 1 1 |
t1931 | 1 | t304 t786 t044 t223 t267 t386 |
2 2 1 1 1 1 |
t304 t386 t223 t044 t127 |
19 9 8 5 4 |
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CPE: carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; ESBL-PE: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; MDR: multidrug-resistant; MRAB: Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii; MRPA: multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; MRSA: meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; spa: staphylococcal protein A; VRE: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.
aIn total, the study population originated in 41 different countries.
bSome patients had two or more different ESBL-PE, CPE or MRSA strains.
cThe spa-types of some MRSA samples were not available.